Abstract: Techniques for block wise encoding and decoding may be applied to encoders, decoders, and methods for encoding or decoding. In one example, there is provided a technique to decode or encode a predetermined block of the picture by assigning, based on a first signalization in the data stream, the predetermined block to a first set or a second set; sorting the assigned set of intra-prediction modes according to intra-prediction modes used for neighboring blocks, neighboring the predetermined block, to obtain a list of intra prediction modes; deriving, for the predetermined block, from the data stream, an index into the list of intra prediction modes; and predicting the predetermined block using an intra prediction mode onto which the index points.

Abstract: Techniques for encoding/decoding of video signals are described, e.g. implemented in decoders, encoder, methods and non-transitory storage units storing instructions to perform the methods. A decoder or encoder may be configured to predict a predetermined block of the picture using a plurality of neighbouring samples by reducing the plurality of neighbouring samples to obtain a reduced set of samples values lower, in number of samples, than compared to the plurality of neighbouring samples, subjecting the reduced set of sample values to a linear or affine linear transformation to obtain predicted values for predetermined samples of the predetermined block.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an antisense oligonucleotide for use in treating and/or preventing a polyglutamine (polyQ) disease, wherein said antisense oligonucleotide is capable of specifically binding to a CAG repeat region of an mRNA encoding a polyQ disease-related protein such that a double stranded RNA is formed which is capable of attracting an Adenosine Deaminase Acting on RNA (ADAR) inserting an A to I exchange into at least one CAG trinucleotide of the CAG repeat region of said mRNA. The present invention further relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising said antisense molecule.

Abstract: An apparatus includes at least one processor for decoding a block of a picture using intra-prediction that is configured to: decode, from a data stream, a mode index, the mode index indicating a matrix-based intra-prediction mode out of a plurality of matrix-based intra-prediction modes based on a size of the block, derive an input vector based on downsampling reference samples neighboring the block, determine a matrix based on the size of the block and the mode index, compute a respective output for each component of a matrix-vector product between the the input vector and the determined matrix, the respective output computed by performing, a right shift by a number of bits which is independent of the matrix-based intra-prediction mode indicated by the mode index, and for each component of the matrix-vector product, use the respective output to predict a respective sample of the block.

Abstract: Apparatus configured to derive a set-selective syntax element indicating whether the predetermined block is to be predicted using one of a first set of intra-prediction modes comprising a DC intra prediction mode and angular prediction modes. If the set-selective syntax element indicates that the predetermined block is to be predicted using one of the first set of intra-prediction modes, the apparatus is configured to use a list of most probable intra-prediction modes. If the set-selective syntax element indicates that the predetermined block is not to be predicted using one of the first set of intra-prediction modes, the apparatus is configured to use a matrix-based intra-prediction mode. The list of most probable intra-prediction modes is formed such that the list of most probable intra-prediction modes is free of the DC intra prediction mode in case of the neighbouring blocks being predicted by any of the angular intra prediction modes.

Abstract: A method for decoding a predetermined block of a picture using intra-prediction by reading, for each of predetermined intra-prediction blocks, from a data stream, a mode index identifying a matrix-based intra-prediction mode is disclosed. Samples of each predetermined intra-prediction block are predicted by computing a matrix-vector product between an input vector derived from reference samples and a prediction matrix associated with the identified matrix-based intra-prediction mode (k)-and associating components of an output vector obtained by the matrix-vector product onto sample positions of the predetermined block. Further predetermined intra-predicted blocks of the picture are predicted to obtain a prediction signal. A transformation flag is decoded from the data stream using context adaptive binary arithmetic coding, and a prediction residual is decoded and re-transformed using a reverse transformation based on the transformation flag to obtain a prediction residual signal.

Abstract: Techniques for encoding/decoding of video signals are described, e.g. implemented in decoders, encoder, methods and non-transitory storage units storing instructions to perform the methods. A decoder or encoder may be configured to predict a predetermined block of the picture using a plurality of neighbouring samples by reducing the plurality of neighbouring samples to obtain a reduced set of samples values lower, in number of samples, than compared to the plurality of neighbouring samples, subjecting the reduced set of sample values to a linear or affine linear transformation to obtain predicted values for predetermined samples of the predetermined block.

Abstract: An apparatus includes an encoder, which receives image or video data, encodes the data and provides a bitstream. The encoder includes a CABAC encoder, which receives a binary valued syntax element associated with a block of the data to be encoded, and encodes, using a selected context model, the syntax element into coded bits for the bitstream. The syntax element includes a tool flag indicating whether or not certain coding tool is employed when encoding a block of the data. For a block of the data which exhibits an aspect ratio larger than 2 and for a block of the data which exhibits an aspect ratio less than or equal to 2, and to which blocks the certain coding tool is applicable, first and second context models for encoding the tool flag are selected from a group of one or more first and second context models, respectively.

Abstract: Apparatus for decoding a predetermined block (18) of a picture using intra-prediction, configured to read, from the data stream (12), a mode index (200), the mode index pointing to one out of a list (204) of matrix-based intra-prediction modes. Additionally, the apparatus is configured to predict samples (108) of the predetermined block (18) by computing a matrix-vector product (206) between an input vector (102) derived from reference samples (17) in a neighborhood of the predetermined block (18) and a prediction matrix (19) associated with the matrix-based intra-prediction mode (k) pointed to by the mode index (200) and associating components (210) of an output vector (208) obtained by the matrix vector product (206) onto sample positions (104) of the predetermined block.

Abstract: Apparatus configured to derive a set-selective syntax element indicating whether the predetermined block is to be predicted using one of a first set of intra-prediction modes comprising a DC intra prediction mode and angular prediction modes. If the set-selective syntax element indicates that the predetermined block is to be predicted using one of the first set of intra-prediction modes, the apparatus is configured to use a list of most probable intra-prediction modes. If the set-selective syntax element indicates that the predetermined block is not to be predicted using one of the first set of intra-prediction modes, the apparatus is configured to use a matrix-based intra-prediction mode. The list of most probable intra-prediction modes is formed such that the list of most probable intra-prediction modes is free of the DC intra prediction mode in case of the neighbouring blocks being predicted by any of the angular intra prediction modes.

Abstract: The present invention concerns artificial nucleic acids for site-directed editing of a target RNA. In particular, the present invention provides artificial nucleic acids capable of site-directed editing of endogenous transcripts by harnessing an endogenous deaminase. Further, the present invention provides artificial nucleic acids for sited-directed editing of a target RNA, which are chemically modified, in particular according to a modification pattern as described herein. The invention also comprises a vector encoding said artificial nucleic acid and a composition comprising said artificial nucleic acid. Moreover, the invention provides the use of the artificial nucleic acid, the composition or the vector for site-directed editing of a target RNA or for in vitro diagnosis. In addition, the artificial nucleic acid, the composition or the vector as described herein are provided for use as a medicament or for use in diagnosis of a disease or disorder.