Abstract: A medical radiation-based coordinate measuring device is provided which comprises a first image sensor unit and a second image sensor unit for providing a first luminosity characteristics data set and a second luminosity characteristics data set. A data processing unit is provided for determining the object coordinates of object points in the space, which are imaged by means of electromagnetic radiation, by triangulation of the luminosity characteristics data sets. At least one spacing measuring unit for the object points is provided for providing at least one spacing data set. The data processing unit is configured and programmed in such a way that, before the triangulation, it adds a spacing information to at least the first luminosity characteristics data set on the basis of a spacing data set. In addition, a coordinate measuring method is provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to a marker element, in particular a medical or surgical marker element, for a referencing unit of a navigation system, which marker element is configured to be reflective to electromagnetic radiation, further comprising a layer comprising a multitude of retroreflective elements. An improved referencing unit and an improved navigation system are also provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to a surgical referencing apparatus, comprising a marking device having at least two or more surgical marker elements which are configured for reflecting and/or emitting radiation, wherein the marker elements form a marker element arrangement for defining a reference on the body of a patient, and comprising a fixing device for fixing the marking device in place on the body of the patient. In order to provide such a referencing apparatus that allows less invasiveness when fixing the referencing apparatus to the body of a patient, the invention proposes that the marker element arrangement be of non-rigid configuration, wherein two or more marker elements are variable in position relative to one another. Furthermore, the invention relates to a surgical navigation system and a method.

Abstract: A method for processing instances of business rules, includes providing a business rule, parsing the business rule to extract entities used as rule parts, creating a hierarchical entity buffer indicating the entities used as the rule parts and identifying instances of each of the entities and real data corresponding to each of the identified instances of the entities and creating a step result table indicating instances of the business rule and information identifying the real data in the hierarchical entity buffer used by each of the instances of the business rule.

Abstract: To improve a surgical referencing unit for a surgical navigation system, with which a spatial position and/or orientation of the referencing unit is determinable, the referencing unit comprising a base body and at least one marker element arranged on the base body, and the spatial position of the marker element being determinable by the navigation system, so that the handling thereof is simplified and possible errors are eliminated during use thereof, it is proposed that the at least one marker element be movably mounted on the base body, that the referencing unit comprise a first interface device which is configured for engagement with a second interface device provided on a surgical instrument or an implant in a connected position, and that the at least one marker element be movable into a predefined marker element position in dependence upon the interacting first and second interface devices.

Abstract: To improve a surgical referencing unit for a surgical navigation system, with which a spatial position and/or orientation of the referencing unit is determinable, the referencing unit comprising a base body and at least one marker element arranged on the base body, and the spatial position of the marker element being determinable by the navigation system, so that the handling thereof is simplified and possible errors are eliminated during use thereof, it is proposed that the at least one marker element be movably mounted on the base body, that the referencing unit comprise a first interface device which is configured for engagement with a second interface device provided on a surgical instrument or an implant in a connected position, and that the at least one marker element be movable into a predefined marker element position in dependence upon the interacting first and second interface devices. An improved surgical instrument and an improved surgical navigation system are also proposed.

Abstract: A method for processing instances of business rules, includes providing a business rule, parsing the business rule to extract entities used as rule parts, creating a hierarchical entity buffer indicating the entities used as the rule parts and identifying instances of each of the entities and real data corresponding to each of the identified instances of the entities and creating a step result table indicating instances of the business rule and information identifying the real data in the hierarchical entity buffer used by each of the instances of the business rule.