Abstract: A transformer unit includes a primary side including a primary coil wound around a transformer core and a secondary side including a secondary coil wound around the core. During operation, a secondary-side actual voltage is established upon application of a primary voltage to the primary coil. The transformer unit includes a first measuring coil, wound around the transformer core, to determine a first measuring voltage; a measuring element, arranged and designed on the primary side to determine a second measuring voltage, the second measuring voltage being correlatable with the additional secondary-side voltage drop; and a controller to control operation of the transformer unit, the controller being designed to adjust the primary voltage so as to induce a secondary desired voltage in the secondary coil, and adjust the primary voltage as a function of the first measuring voltage and the second measuring voltage.

Abstract: A transformer unit includes a primary side including a primary coil wound around a transformer core and a secondary side including a secondary coil wound around the core. During operation, a secondary-side actual voltage is established upon application of a primary voltage to the primary coil. The transformer unit includes a first measuring coil, wound around the transformer core, to determine a first measuring voltage; a measuring element, arranged and designed on the primary side to determine a second measuring voltage, the second measuring voltage being correlatable with the additional secondary-side voltage drop; and a controller to control operation of the transformer unit, the controller being designed to adjust the primary voltage so as to induce a secondary desired voltage in the secondary coil, and adjust the primary voltage as a function of the first measuring voltage and the second measuring voltage.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for capturing carbon dioxide from a gas stream. The gas stream is contacted with solid adsorbent particles in an adsorption zone. The adsorption zone has at least two beds of fluidized solid adsorbent particles, and the solid adsorbent particles are flowing downwards from bed to bed. The solid adsorbent particles comprise 15 to 75 weight % of organic amine compounds. The gas stream entering the adsorption zone has a dew point which is at least 5° C. below the forward flow temperature of the coolest cooling medium in the adsorption zone. Carbon dioxide enriched solid adsorbent particles are heated, and then regenerated. The desorption zone has at least two beds of fluidized solid adsorbent particles, and the stripping gas is steam. The regenerated particles are cooled and recycled to the adsorption zone.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for capturing carbon dioxide from a gas stream. The gas stream is contacted with solid adsorbent particles in an adsorption zone. The adsorption zone has at least two beds of fluidized solid adsorbent particles, and the solid adsorbent particles are flowing downwards from bed to bed. The solid adsorbent particles comprise 15 to 75 weight % of organic amine compounds. The gas stream entering the adsorption zone has a dew point which is at least 5° C. below the forward flow temperature of the coolest cooling medium in the adsorption zone. Carbon dioxide enriched solid adsorbent particles are heated, and then regenerated. The desorption zone has at least two beds of fluidized solid adsorbent particles, and the stripping gas is steam. The regenerated particles are cooled and recycled to the adsorption zone.

Abstract: An electrical arrangement includes a high-voltage battery and a number of electrical utility arrangements connected to the battery via a main switch and a downstream back-up capacitor. A discharge circuit is connected to the capacitor and has a discharge path with an ohmic discharge resistor. In normal mode no current flows in the discharge resistor. Opening the main switch effects a transition from normal mode to special mode, while the discharge path is energized and electrical energy stored in the capacitor is converted into thermal energy by the discharge resistor. The discharge circuit has a voltage converter between the high-voltage side of the capacitor and the discharge path. The voltage converter has a first semiconductor switch for discharging the capacitor clock-controlled such that an electrical output voltage at the discharge path constantly has a rated value so long as a capacitor voltage at the capacitor is above the rated value.

Abstract: A fluidized bed reactor system with one or more fluidized bed reactors for carrying out chemical or physical reactions, at least one reactor thereof being a rapidly fluidized reactor to be operated as a circulating fluidized bed and having, at the upper end, a fluid outlet, a particle separator, and a particle line connected thereto for the purpose of feeding back separated fluidized bed particles into the same or a further reactor, wherein, at least one rapidly fluidized reactor has one or more flow control devices producing reaction zones that are separate from one another, and in order to control the flow conditions into the reaction zones, one or more of these flow control devices are specifically adjustable from outside of the system.

Abstract: An electrical arrangement includes a high-voltage battery and a number of electrical utility arrangements connected to the battery via a main switch and a downstream back-up capacitor. A discharge circuit is connected to the capacitor and has a discharge path with an ohmic discharge resistor. In normal mode no current flows in the discharge resistor. Opening the main switch effects a transition from normal mode to special mode, while the discharge path is energized and electrical energy stored in the capacitor is converted into thermal energy by the discharge resistor. The discharge circuit has a voltage converter between the high-voltage side of the capacitor and the discharge path. The voltage converter has a first semiconductor switch for discharging the capacitor clock-controlled such that an electrical output voltage at the discharge path constantly has a rated value so long as a capacitor voltage at the capacitor is above the rated value.

Abstract: A fluidized bed reactor system with one or more fluidized bed reactors for carrying out chemical or physical reactions, at least one reactor thereof being a rapidly fluidized reactor to be operated as a circulating fluidized bed and having, at the upper end, a fluid outlet, a particle separator, and a particle line connected thereto for the purpose of feeding back separated fluidized bed particles into the same or a further reactor, wherein, at least one rapidly fluidized reactor has one or more flow control devices producing reaction zones that are separate from one another, and in order to control the flow conditions into the reaction zones, one or more of these flow control devices are specifically adjustable from outside of the system.

Abstract: A fluidized-bed reactor system with at least two fluidized-bed reactors, each being a circulating fluidized bed, a particle line with a particle separator for transferring fluidized-bed particles from the first to the second reactor, and a particle line exiting at the lower half of the second reactor for transferring fluidized-bed particles back to the first reactor, wherein, at least in the second reactor, two or more reaction zones separated by one or more flow controllers and that the particle line opens into the second reactor above at least one flow controller.

Abstract: A fluidized-bed reactor system with at least two fluidized-bed reactors, each being a circulating fluidized bed, a particle line with a particle separator for transferring fluidized-bed particles from the first to the second reactor, and a particle line exiting at the lower half of the second reactor for transferring fluidized-bed particles back to the first reactor, wherein, at least in the second reactor, two or more reaction zones separated by one or more flow controllers and that the particle line opens into the second reactor above at least one flow controller.