Abstract: A high-voltage vehicle on-board electrical system is equipped with a ground potential and a high-voltage potential that is insulated from the ground potential by a two-stage insulation. The two-stage insulation has a first insulation device that insulates the high-voltage potential from a potential island. A second insulation device of the two-stage insulation insulates the potential island from the ground potential. The potential island is connected to the ground potential via a dissipating element. The dissipating element is configured, in the event of an insulation fault in the two-stage insulation, to generate a current that is below a hazard threshold and that is above a sensitivity threshold of an insulation monitor.

Abstract: A method of producing a printed circuit board (10) with a plurality of inlays (21, 22, 23, 24), having the following steps: supplying a plurality of inlays (21, 22, 23, 24), of which at least one inlay has at least one positioning element (21.1, 21.2; 22.1 to 22.7; 23.1, 23.2; 24.1, 24.2); building up a layer sequence from a plurality of printed-circuit-board layers, with at least one recess (14) for accommodating inlays, wherein, prior to the step of the plurality of inlays (21, 22, 23, 24) being inserted, the recess (14) is defined in an uppermost layer (12) by a frame made of non-conductive printed-circuit-board material; inserting the plurality of inlays (21, 22, 23, 24) into the recess (14) defined by the frame; covering the inlays (21, 22, 23, 24) with a non-conductive printed-circuit-board material; laminating the layer sequence, and removing at least the positioning elements (21.1, 21.2; 22.1 to 22.7; 23.1, 23.2; 24.1, 24.2) which establish a conductive contact between neighboring inlays.

Abstract: An on-board system for a vehicle and a device for controlling a current flow in an on-board system of a vehicle, as well as a vehicle (e.g., a motor vehicle) including such on-board system or device, are disclosed. The on-board system or device may include a control device and an emergency power source for closing a self-locking switch controlling the current flow in the on-board system in order to prevent a possible parasitic current injection when a faulty voltage drop occurs, and to thus prevent system overheating.

Abstract: An on-board electrical system for a motor vehicle contains a first energy storage unit with a first voltage level and a second energy storage unit with a second voltage level. A control unit controls a flow of current between the first energy storage unit and the second energy storage unit in both directions. A polarity-reversal protection diode connects the first energy storage unit for supplying operating voltage to the control unit. A switching element bridges the polarity-reversal protection diode when the polarity of the first energy storage unit is correct. The first voltage level is compared with the second voltage level by a comparator and the switching element is moved to its open state when the first voltage level drops to a threshold voltage value which is below the second voltage level.

Abstract: An electrical system has first and second switches. The switches are used by the electrical system to produce closed circuits from a first energy storage device and/or a second energy storage device to a system load to supply power to the system load. The electrical system has a device for detecting a voltage at the second energy storage device and for comparing the detected voltage with a voltage threshold, and also a control device for producing a third, closed circuit from the second energy storage device to an earth connection by closing the first and second switches, and therefore for discharging the second energy storage device when the detected voltage exceeds the voltage threshold. This prevents the second energy storage device from charging uncontrollably when a system fault occurs in the electrical system or on the current path from the first energy storage device to the second energy storage device.

Abstract: An on-board system for a vehicle and a device for controlling a current flow in an on-board system of a vehicle, as well as a vehicle (e.g., a motor vehicle) including such on-board system or device, are disclosed. The on-board system or device may include a control device and an emergency power source for closing a self-locking switch controlling the current flow in the on-board system in order to prevent a possible parasitic current injection when a faulty voltage drop occurs, and to thus prevent system overheating.

Abstract: An on-board electrical system for a motor vehicle contains a first energy storage unit with a first voltage level and a second energy storage unit with a second voltage level. A control unit controls a flow of current between the first energy storage unit and the second energy storage unit in both directions. A polarity-reversal protection diode connects the first energy storage unit for supplying operating voltage to the control unit. A switching element bridges the polarity-reversal protection diode when the polarity of the first energy storage unit is correct. The first voltage level is compared with the second voltage level by a comparator and the switching element is moved to its open state when the first voltage level drops to a threshold voltage value which is below the second voltage level.

Abstract: An electrical system has first and second switches. The switches are used by the electrical system to produce closed circuits from a first energy storage device and/or a second energy storage device to a system load to supply power to the system load. The electrical system has a device for detecting a voltage at the second energy storage device and for comparing the detected voltage with a voltage threshold, and also a control device for producing a third, closed circuit from the second energy storage device to an earth connection by closing the first and second switches, and therefore for discharging the second energy storage device when the detected voltage exceeds the voltage threshold. This prevents the second energy storage device from charging uncontrollably when a system fault occurs in the electrical system or on the current path from the first energy storage device to the second energy storage device.