Abstract: A method and apparatus is provided for mixing a film of fluid, particularly a film of chemical, biochemical, or biological fluids, undergoing a reaction. The apparatus comprises a means for creating a bubble within the film of fluid, and moving the bubble in the fluid, thereby mixing the fluid.

Abstract: The invention provides methods, compositions and systems for detecting multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a population of target polynucleotides in parallel in a sandwich assay employing SNP probes, capture polynucleotides and, optionally, auxiliary polynucleotides. The relative affinities of the SNP probes for the corresponding SNP regions can be increased with reagents which normalize the melting temperatures of the probes and/or by positionally facilitating interactions between the SNP probe, the SNP region, the capture polynucleotide and/or the auxiliary polynucleotides, such as through a minor groove binder. The probes may comprise a degenerate set of all possible same-sized polynucleotides and the capture polynucleotides are generally immobilized and arrayed at corresponding discrete elements in high density.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is provided for mixing a film of fluid, particularly a film of chemical, biochemical, or biological fluids, undergoing a reaction. The apparatus comprises a means for creating a bubble within the film of fluid, and moving the bubble in the fluid, thereby mixing the fluid.

Abstract: Methods are provide for quantitatively determining the amount of polynucleotides in a sample. In one method, the distinct polynucleotide targets and standard polynucleotide targets are contacted with detectable probes and independently detectable single or double stranded complements to the standard targets under hybridization conditions. The hybridization pattern from the probe is compared to the hybridization pattern from the standard sequences to obtain quantitative information about the genetic profile of the labeled nucleic acid sample. Also provided are kits for the use of the methods.

Abstract: Methods are provide for quantitatively determining the amount of polynucleotides in a sample. In one method, the distinct polynucleotide targets and standard polynucleotide targets are contacted with detectable probes and independently detectable single or double stranded complements to the standard targets under hybridization conditions. The hybridization pattern from the probe is compared to the hybridization pattern from the standard sequences to obtain quantitative information about the genetic profile of the labeled nucleic acid sample. Also provided are kits for the use of the methods.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is provided for mixing a film of fluid, particularly a film of chemical, biochemical, or biological fluids, undergoing a reaction. The apparatus comprises a means for creating a bubble within the film of fluid, and moving the bubble in the fluid, thereby mixing the fluid.

Abstract: The invention provides methods, compositions and systems for detecting multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a population of target polynucleotides in parallel in a sandwich assay employing SNP probes, capture polynucleotides and, optionally, auxiliary polynucleotides. The relative affinities of the SNP probes for the corresponding SNP regions can be increased with reagents which normalize the melting temperatures of the probes and/or by positionally facilitating interactions between the SNP probe, the SNP region, the capture polynucleotide and/or the auxiliary polynucleotides, such as through a minor groove binder. The probes may comprise a degenerate set of all possible same-sized polynucleotides and the capture polynucleotides are generally immobilized and arrayed at corresponding discrete elements in high density.