Abstract: An ultrasonic transducer includes a delay line substrate, a piezoelectric element, a metal conductive layer between the delay line substrate and the piezoelectric element, and a backing layer applied to the piezoelectric element. The delay line substrate and the piezoelectric element are acoustically joined, configured to couple ultrasonic waves from the piezoelectric element into the delay line substrate or from the delay line substrate into the piezoelectric element. The backing layer includes a metal film, the metal film has a thickness and an acoustic impedance, and the thickness and the acoustic impedance each have value sufficient to provide acoustic damping. The backing layer has a substantially columnar cross-sectional morphology with a substantially granular surface morphology.

Abstract: An embodiment provides a timeline upon which a playhead indicator is moved or positioned. Changes to a displayed graph that are within a predetermined interval of the playhead indicator's time position are shown graphically on or near the graph. Actor icons are positioned on or near the displayed graph. The actor icons correspond to different entities (e.g., a person, group, organization, software agent, etc.) that has made a change to the graph. Action beams are displayed to show changes to the graph. As playback of the change events occurs, beams emanate from actor icons to items in the graph that are changed or otherwise operated upon. Various characteristics of the beams' use, appearance and behavior are described.

Abstract: An embodiment provides a timeline upon which a playhead indicator is moved or positioned. Changes to a displayed graph that are within a predetermined interval of the playhead indicator's time position are shown graphically on or near the graph. Actor icons are positioned on or near the displayed graph. The actor icons correspond to different entities (e.g., a person, group, organization, software agent, etc.) that has made a change to the graph. Action beams are displayed to show changes to the graph. As playback of the change events occurs, beams emanate from actor icons to items in the graph that are changed or otherwise operated upon. Various characteristics of the beams' use, appearance and behavior are described.

Abstract: An embodiment provides a system to generate visualization layouts. A timeline upon which a playhead indicator is moved or positioned. Changes to a displayed visualization (such as a node-edge graph) that are within a predetermined interval of the playhead indicator's time position are shown graphically on or near the graph. Actor icons are positioned on or near the displayed graph. The actor icons correspond to different entities (e.g., a person, group, organization, software agent, etc.) that has made a change to the graph. Change indicators both on the timeline and in association with the actor icons can be color-coded to indicate addition, deletion, modification or other operations to graph items or to other objects being displayed.

Abstract: An embodiment provides a system to generate visualization layouts. A timeline upon which a playhead indicator is moved or positioned. Changes to a displayed visualization (such as a node-edge graph) that are within a predetermined interval of the playhead indicator's time position are shown graphically on or near the graph. Actor icons are positioned on or near the displayed graph. The actor icons correspond to different entities (e.g., a person, group, organization, software agent, etc.) that has made a change to the graph. Change indicators both on the timeline and in association with the actor icons can be color-coded to indicate addition, deletion, modification or other operations to graph items or to other objects being displayed.

Abstract: An embodiment provides a timeline upon which a playhead indicator is moved or positioned. Changes to a displayed graph that are within a predetermined interval of the playhead indicator's time position are shown graphically on or near the graph. Actor icons are positioned on or near the displayed graph. The actor icons correspond to different entities (e.g., a person, group, organization, software agent, etc.) that has made a change to the graph. Change indicators both on the timeline and in association with the actor icons can be color-coded to indicate addition, deletion, modification or other operations to graph items or to other objects being displayed.

Abstract: An embodiment provides a timeline upon which a playhead indicator is moved or positioned. Changes to a displayed graph that are within a predetermined interval of the playhead indicator's time position are shown graphically on or near the graph. Actor icons are positioned on or near the displayed graph. The actor icons correspond to different entities (e.g., a person, group, organization, software agent, etc.) that has made a change to the graph. Change indicators both on the timeline and in association with the actor icons can be color-coded to indicate addition, deletion, modification or other operations to graph items or to other objects being displayed.

Abstract: A program storage device is readable by a machine, which tangibly embodies a program of instructions executable by the machine to perform method steps for modifying color of an image captured in a digitized, color form. The method comprises the steps of sequentially modifying each portion of the image by a color matrix; determining when a portion of the modified image contains a predetermined fluorescent level; and further modifying only the portion of the image containing the predetermined fluorescent level by varying a fluorescent modification factor until a desired fluorescent level is obtained.

Abstract: A photodiode amplifier includes an input stage having a first pair of transistors connected as a differential pair to have a low input impedance and a current source connected into the input stage to bias the pair of transistors. A photodiode is connected into the input stage across the transistors so as to provide differential effect to current flowing through the transistors. By means of such connection, the photodiode is presented with low input impedance, its time constant is accordingly lowered, and the system response of the photodiode amplifier is extended into higher frequencies. The photodiode amplifier is of particular use in an illuminant discriminator capable of distinguishing a range of separate illuminants, including high efficiency fluorescent lighting within the passband of the photodiode amplifier.

Abstract: An optical blur filter having a substantially aspherical shape is used in imaging apparatus to limit high spatial frequencies incident upon an image sensor, and thereby to reduce undersampling artifacts. The filter images a circular blur pattern upon an array of nearby photosites. Due to its aspherical shape, the surface of the filter smoothly varies in relation to the field of view of a zoom lens in the apparatus so that the blur pattern maintains a substantially constant radius despite changes in the focal length of the zoom lens.

Abstract: An optical blur filter having a substantially conical shape is used in imaging apparatus to limit high spatial frequencies incident upon an image sensor, and thereby to reduce undersampling artifacts. By having a conical shape, the filter images a circular blur pattern upon an array of adjacent photosites. A conical shape with a distinct vertex images an annular pattern, and a flattened vertex fills in the central region of the pattern.

Abstract: An optical fiber array is used as a blur filter in imaging apparatus to limit high spatial frequencies incident upon an image sensor, and thereby to reduce undersampling artifacts. The optical fiber array includes optical fibers disposed in the path of incident image light at an angle to the optical axis of the sensor such that the optical fibers composing the array emit an annular pattern of light over adjacent photosites, thereby producing a blurred image. The annular pattern of light has a mean radius that remains substantially the same regardless of changes in the optical aperture of the imaging path, with only the thickness of the annular pattern changing with aperture.

Abstract: An optical fiber array is used as a blur filter in imaging apparatus to limit high spatial frequencies incident upon an image sensor, and thereby to reduce undersampling artifacts. The optical fiber array is disposed in the path of incident image light a predetermined distance from the image sensor such that at least some of the optical fibers composing the array emit a cone of light over adjacent photosites, thereby producing a blurred image. The blurring effect can also be obtained by using a pseudo-random array of fibers, and the imaging assembly can be additionally simplified by using the fiber optic array as a protective cover plate for the sensor.

Abstract: An exposure feedback apparatus is disclosed that includes a comparison unit for receiving and comparing image data with a predetermined exposure level and generating a comparison signal indicative thereof, and a multiplexing unit responsive to the comparison signal for supplying the image data to a display output line when the image data is within a desired exposure range and for alternatingly supplying the image data and preselected display data to the output line when the image data is outside of a desired exposure range. In operation, the alternating supply of the image data and preselected display data to the display output line causes portions of a display unit coupled thereto to "blink" when areas of the imaged scene exceed the predetermined exposure level. Thus, the user is supplied with visual feedback that is indicative of the exposure conditions of the captured image.

Abstract: An improved method of operating a color scanning system of the type that incorporates a monochrome image sensor having at least one photosensitive area that is sequentially exposed to individual colors of a scene and to a dithering of the scene with respect to the image sensor photosensitive area is described along with an improved color filter mask for the at least one photosensitive area. The blue filter mask is formed over a portion the photosensitive area, for example, an L-shaped portion, that covers approximately 75% of the photosensitive area. The method of operation is to first image and dither a red filtered version of the scene onto the photosensitive area to generatr a red image signal. Next a green filtered version of the scene is imaged and dithered onto the photosensitive area to generate a green image signal, and lastly a blue filtered version of the scene is imaged onto the photosensitive area without dithering to generate a blue image signal.

Abstract: A measurement system using electro-optic sampling and operative in the time domain characterizes devices over a bandwidth extending to upper microwave frequencies (e.g., 100 GHz). The device under test is mounted to or integrated on a substrate of electro-optic semiconductor material and is connected to transmisison and lines on the substrate. Sampling signals are electro-optically generated and propagate along the lines toward and away from the device under test, using a laser pulse beam incident on the substrate. The signals are electrically sampled by a laser pulse sampling beam which is responsive to the change in refractive index due to the signal at locations equidistant from the generation position. The waveform resulting from electro-optic sampling near the device under test corresponds to the sum of the signal incident upon the device and the signal reflected therefrom. The waveform resulting from electro-optic sampling at the location away from the device corresponds to the incident waveform.