Abstract: A night vision system along with an image intensifier tube having a microchannel plate and method of forming the microchannel plate are provided. The microchannel plate comprises a plurality of spaced channels extending through the microchannel plate, wherein each channel sidewall surface near the input face of the microchannel plate comprises a series of layers formed thereon. The input face of the microchannel plate, as well as the sidewall surfaces of each channel near the input surfaces, are configured with an electron backscatter layer arranged between a contact metal layer and a secondary electron booster layer. When formed partially into the channel openings near the input face, the electron backscatter layer and overlying secondary electron booster layer are configured circumferentially around the sidewall surfaces and extend radially inward toward a central axis of each channel.

Abstract: A night vision system along with an image intensifier tube having a microchannel plate and method of forming the microchannel plate are provided. The microchannel plate comprises a plurality of spaced channels extending through the microchannel plate, wherein each channel sidewall surface near the input face of the microchannel plate comprises a series of layers formed thereon. The input face of the microchannel plate, as well as the sidewall surfaces of each channel near the input surfaces, are configured with an electron backscatter layer arranged between a contact metal layer and a secondary electron booster layer. When formed partially into the channel openings near the input face, the electron backscatter layer and overlying secondary electron booster layer are configured circumferentially around the sidewall surfaces and extend radially inward toward a central axis of each channel.

Abstract: A night vision system along with an image intensifier tube having a microchannel plate and method of forming the microchannel plate are provided. The microchannel plate comprises a plurality of spaced channels extending through the microchannel plate, wherein each channel sidewall surface near the input face of the microchannel plate comprises a series of layers formed thereon. The input face of the microchannel plate, as well as the sidewall surfaces of each channel near the input surfaces, are configured with an electron backscatter layer arranged between a contact metal layer and a secondary electron booster layer. When formed partially into the channel openings near the input face, the electron backscatter layer and overlying secondary electron booster layer are configured circumferentially around the sidewall surfaces and extend radially inward toward a central axis of each channel.

Abstract: A night vision system along with an image intensifier tube having a microchannel plate and method of forming the microchannel plate are provided. The microchannel plate comprises a plurality of spaced channels extending through the microchannel plate, wherein each channel sidewall surface near the input face of the microchannel plate comprises a series of layers formed thereon. The input face of the microchannel plate, as well as the sidewall surfaces of each channel near the input surfaces, are configured with an electron backscatter layer arranged between a contact metal layer and a secondary electron booster layer. When formed partially into the channel openings near the input face, the electron backscatter layer and overlying secondary electron booster layer are configured circumferentially around the sidewall surfaces and extend radially inward toward a central axis of each channel.

Abstract: An oven has at least one of bake and broil heating elements which have a temperature switch as a portion of the replaceable heating element. Upon reaching a predetermined temperature, the switch opens and power through the heating element is secured. Once temperature is reduced below another predetermined temperature, the switch closes for normal operation.

Abstract: A range has burner coil elements which have temperature switches as a portion of the replaceable coils. Upon reaching a predetermined temperature, the switch opens and power through the burner element is secured. The burner elements are preferably open coil units. Lowering the temperature in a cooking utensil below common ignition temperatures while still allowing boiling is an objective of many embodiments.

Abstract: A gas range has burner head which have temperature sensing devices as a portion of the burner heads. Upon reaching a predetermined temperature, the temperatures sensing devices reduces gas flow to a bypass amount until temperature drops below to at least the predetermined temperature. Lowering the temperature in a cooking utensil below a common ignition temperature, while still allowing boiling, is an objective of many embodiments.

Abstract: An oven has at least one of bake and broil heating elements which have a temperature switch as a portion of the replaceable heating element. Upon reaching a predetermined temperature, the switch opens and power through the heating element is secured. Once temperature is reduced below another predetermined temperature, the switch closes for normal operation.

Abstract: An oven has at least one of bake and broil heating elements which have a temperature switch as a portion of the replaceable heating element. Upon reaching a predetermined temperature, the switch opens and power through the heating element is secured. Once temperature is reduced below another predetermined temperature, the switch closes for normal operation.

Abstract: A range has burner coil elements which have temperature switches as a portion of the replaceable coils. Upon reaching a predetermined temperature, the switch opens and power through the burner element is secured. The burner elements are preferably open coil units. Lowering the temperature in a cooking utensil below common ignition temperatures while still allowing boiling is an objective of many embodiments.

Abstract: A range has burner coil elements which have temperature switches as a portion of the replaceable coils. Upon reaching a predetermined temperatures, the switch opens and power through the burner element is secured. The burner elements are preferably open coil units. Lowering the temperature in a cooking utensil below common ignition temperatures while still allowing boiling is an objective of many embodiments.

Abstract: A range has burner coil elements which have temperature switches as a portion of the replaceable coils. Upon reaching a predetermined temperature, the switch opens and power through the burner element is secured. The burner elements are preferably open coil units. Lowering the temperature in a cooking utensil below common ignition temperatures while still allowing boiling is an objective of many embodiments.

Abstract: A range has burner coil elements which have temperature switches as a portion of the replaceable coils. Upon reaching a predetermined temperatures, the switch opens and power through the burner element is secured. The burner elements are preferably open coil units. Lowering the temperature in a cooking utensil below common ignition temperatures while still allowing boiling is an objective of many embodiments.

Abstract: A range has burner coil elements which have temperature switches as a portion of the replaceable coils. Upon reaching a predetermined temperature, the switch opens and power through the burner element is secured. The burner elements are preferably open coil units. Lowering the temperature in a cooking utensil below common ignition temperatures while still allowing boiling is an objective of many embodiments.

Abstract: A range has burner elements which are connected in series with a temperature switch. Upon reaching a predetermined temperatures, the switch opens and power to the burner element is secured. The burner elements are preferably open coil units, but radiant burner elements may employ similar technology with a lower upper threshold than prior art units have used. Lowering the temperature in a cooking utensil below common ignition temperatures while still allowing boiling is an objective of many embodiments.

Abstract: A system and method for preparing treats is presented. A vending machine for building custom ordered treats includes an enclosed housing with windows. A robot is inside the housing and first and second user interfaces are attached to the housing. The first and second user interfaces accept inputs from first and second users respectively. The robot has left and right arms as well as a simulated head to make it appear somewhat human like. The left and right arms work together to assemble a single treat when only one treat has been requested at the vending machine. However, when two different treats have been requested the left arm can work independently, at least sometimes, of the right arm on a custom treat for the first user. Similarly, the right arm can, at least sometimes, work independently of the left arm on a custom treat for the second user.

Abstract: A method and apparatus to independently measure the bearing pre-load of a pinion gear and differential case an assembled axle assembly. The ring gear and pinion gear are positioned within a backlash so that there is no engagement therebetween. The pinion shaft and differential case are rotated independently in synchronization maintaining the relative positions and the torque to rotate the pinion shaft and differential case are independently measured.

Abstract: A differential carrier, adapted to rotatably support a differential assembly and a final drive assembly, includes an integrally formed cage-type differential carrier frame member comprising a pair of axially spaced pinion support members for rotatably supporting a pinion drive shaft, a pair of laterally spaced opposite differential support members for rotatably supporting a differential case, at least one first arm member interconnecting the pinion support members, and at least two second arm members each interconnecting at least one of the pinion support members with one of the differential support members to thereby define a cage-type space frame of the differential carrier. The differential carrier frame member further comprises a continuous flange member integrally secured to the differential support members and defining a rear access opening in the differential carrier, and a mounting member for mounting the differential carrier to a vehicle sprung mass.

Abstract: An apparatus designed to set up gear testers and lappers for both above and below center engaged hypoid gear sets. The set-up gage includes a pinion stem and a gage body. The gage body has at least two sets of surfaces to properly position a simulated ring gear within the gear tester for each of the above and below center engaged hypoid gear set arrangements.

Abstract: A hob type cutter blade for use in a hobbing process. The cutter blade is formed with at least one cooling passage that permits the flow of coolant through the cutter blade to the contact surface reducing the heat generation as well as dissipating any heat already produced during the hobbing operation. During manufacturing, the cooling passage is sintered into the carbide cutter blade without the addition of separate operation.