Abstract: A microwave applicator for heating a moving fluid includes a heating chamber having a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet and through which the fluid to be heated flows. The applicator also includes a microwave energy source and a microwave circuit having at least one wave-guide element. The microwave circuit transforms microwave energy from the microwave source into a cylindrical wave-guide mode within the heating chamber for uniformly heating fluid flowing through the heating chamber. This technology is also applied as a method for applying microwave energy for heating a moving fluid. This method includes passing a fluid from a fluid inlet, through a heating chamber, and out a fluid outlet; and applying a microwave energy source through a microwave circuit including at least one wave-guide element to transform microwave energy from the microwave energy source into a cylindrical wave-guide mode within the heating chamber to uniformly heat the fluid flowing through the heating chamber.

Abstract: A microwave applicator for heating a moving fluid includes a heating chamber having a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet and through which the fluid to be heated flows. The applicator also includes a microwave energy source and a microwave circuit having at least one wave-guide element. The microwave circuit transforms microwave energy from the microwave source into a cylindrical wave-guide mode within the heating chamber for uniformly heating fluid flowing through the heating chamber. This technology is also applied as a method for applying microwave energy for heating a moving fluid. This method includes passing a fluid from a fluid inlet, through a heating chamber, and out a fluid outlet; and applying a microwave energy source through a microwave circuit including at least one wave-guide element to transform microwave energy from the microwave energy source into a cylindrical wave-guide mode within the heating chamber to uniformly heat the fluid flowing through the heating chamber.

Abstract: An electronic device for amplifying microwave or millimeter wave signals. A microwave or millimeter wave input signal stimulates a gated field emission array to produce a density modulated beam of electrons containing about 1 billion to 1,000 billion bunches or pulses per second which in turn illuminates a thin diamond target in a diamond switch connecting a load to a high voltage source. Each electron in each pulse creates a large number of electron hole pairs in the diamond. The high voltage bias across the diamond causes most of the very large number of pairs to be swept through the diamond target producing a high current surge in less than one half the period of the designed output frequency. Induced RF currents are set up within the resonant output cavity in response to the current flowing within the diamond. In summary, each surge of current produces an electromagnetic pulse at the load. Thus, an electromagnetic millimeter wave is produced with a frequency equal to the frequency of the signal output.