Abstract: The invention features microfluidic devices that contain structures that impart differential resistance to a fluid flow. The structures are disposed adjacent to intersections of channels. Devices of the invention provide differential resistance, e.g., under electric-field-driven flow and pressure-driven flow.

Abstract: A microfluidic device includes one or more microchannels providing a passageway for transmitting an electrolyte fluid. A field source provides a defined field in the one or more microchannels, wherein at least one conductor element that is placed in at least one specific location in the device. Interactions between the defined field and the at least one conductor element produce electro-osmotic flows so that the electrolyte fluid is driven across the one or more microchannels.

Abstract: A microfluidic device includes one or more microchannels providing a passageway for transmitting an electrolyte fluid. A field source provides a defined field in the one or more microchannels, wherein at least one conductor element that is placed in at least one specific location in the device. Interactions between the defined field and the at least one conductor element produce electro-osmotic flows so that the electrolyte fluid is driven across the one or more microchannels.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for generating realistic window borders of windows of a range of sizes for display on a display screen in a windowing environment. Realistic window borders with simulated 3-D characteristics and the appearance of real structures and materials such as wood, stone, etc., are provided within a windowing display environment by first generating and inputting realistic pictorial frame elements, sizing the realistic frame elements in accordance with the desired size of the window and generating location information for each element based upon the desired size of the window. The sized frame elements are then assembled using the location information and displayed on the screen of the system display device.