Abstract: This invention relates to an apparatus and process for injecting a petroleum feed. More particularly, a liquid petroleum feed is atomized with a nozzle assembly apparatus in which the apparatus has injection nozzles that produce a generally flat spray pattern of finely dispersed feed. The injection nozzles are each designed such that the overall effect of the different spray patterns from the individual nozzles provides a more uniform feed coverage across the catalyst stream.

Abstract: This invention relates to the feed injection zone of a FCC. The feed injection zone is non-circular in shape allows for optimal penetration between feed and catalyst in the feed injection zone.

Abstract: This invention relates to efficiently regenerating catalyst particles by minimizing the formation of localized “hot spots” and “cold spots” in a regeneration zone. In one embodiment, the invention includes mixing spent catalyst from a reactor and cold catalyst from a catalyst cooler in a mixing zone and directing the mixed catalyst to the regeneration zone in a fluidized manner with a fluidizing medium. In the regeneration zone, the mixed catalyst contacts an oxygen-containing regeneration medium under conditions effective to regenerate the spent catalyst contained therein.

Abstract: This invention relates to an apparatus and process for atomizing a petroleum feed. More particularly, a liquid petroleum feed is atomized with an atomization apparatus in which the apparatus has an orifice that produces a generally flat spray pattern of finely dispersed feed prior to contacting catalyst in a fluid catalytic cracking zone. The orifice has a general aspect ratio greater than 1.0 and a ratio of perimeter length-to-cross-sectional area greater than 1.5 relative to a perimeter-to-cross-sectional area ratio of a circular orifice of equivalent area. The apparatus can be used to atomize feed injected into the cracking zone of a fluid catalytic cracker.

Abstract: A process for selectively producing C3 olefins from a catalytically cracked or thermally cracked naphtha stream is disclosed herein. The naphtha stream is introduced into a process unit comprised of a reaction zone, a stripping zone containing a dense phase, a catalyst regeneration zone, and a fractionation zone. The naphtha feedstream is contacted in the reaction zone with a catalyst containing from about 10 to about 50 wt. % of a crystalline zeolite having an average pore diameter less than about 0.7 nanometers at reaction conditions. Vapor products are collected overhead and the catalyst particles are passed through the stripping zone on the way to the catalyst regeneration zone. Volatiles are stripped with steam in the stripping zone and the catalyst particles are sent to the catalyst regeneration zone where coke is burned from the catalyst, and are then recycled to the reaction zone.

Abstract: This invention is related to a catalytically cracked or thermally cracked naphtha stream. The naphtha stream is contacted with a catalyst containing from about 10 to 50 wt. % of a crystalline zeolite having an average pore diameter less than about 0.7 nanometers at reaction conditions which include temperatures from about 500° C. to about 650° C. and a hydrocarbon partial pressure from about 10 to 40 psia. The resulting product is a high octane naphtha.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for maintaining heat balance in a fluidized bed catalytic cracking unit. More specifically, the invention relates to a combustion control method capable of maintaining or restoring heat balance by conducting, under appropriate conditions, fuel and an oxygen-containing gas to a transfer line. The transfer line conducts effluent including spent catalyst and combustion products to the unit's catalyst regeneration zone.

Abstract: The invention is related to a catalyst and a process for selectively producing light (i.e., C2-C4) olefins from a catalytically cracked or thermally cracked naphtha stream. The naphtha stream is contacted with a catalyst containing from about 10 to 50 wt. % of a crystalline zeolite having an average pore diameter less than about 0.7 nanometers at reaction conditions. The catalysts do not require steam activation.

Abstract: The invention is related to a catalyst and a process for selectively producing light (i.e., C2-C4) olefins from a catalytically cracked or thermally cracked naphtha stream. The naphtha stream is contacted with a catalyst containing from about 10 to 50 wt. % of a crystalline zeolite having an average pore diameter less than about 0.7 nanometers at reaction conditions. The catalysts do not require steam activation.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for maintaining heat balance in a fluidized bed catalytic cracking unit. More specifically, the invention relates to a combustion control method capable of maintaining or restoring heat balance by conducting, under appropriate conditions, fuel and an oxygen-containing gas to a transfer line. The transfer line conducts effluent including spent catalyst and combustion products to the unit's catalyst regeneration zone.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for controlling combustion in a fluid catalytic cracking regenerator. More specifically, afterburning which occurs during the combustion process is controlled by adjusting oxygen concentration in at least one of two combustion streams which is injected into a fluid catalytic cracking regenerator. Preferably, the combustion streams used in the invention are asymmetrically injected into a dense phase catalyst bed within the regenerator.

Abstract: A catalytic cracking process and apparatus wherein hot regenerated catalyst particles from the dense phase of the regenerator are passed through a heat exchanger in indirect heat exchange with stripped catalyst particles whereby the former are cooled and the latter are heated. The regenerated catalyst which contacts the feed is thus cooler than it would otherwise be, and there is a reduction in thermal cracking. The stripped catalyst entering the regenerator is hotter than it would otherwise be thereby improving the efficacy of the regeneration step.

Abstract: A catalytic cracking process and apparatus wherein particles of cracking catalyst circulate continuously between a reaction zone and a regeneration zone and hot regenerated catalyst from the regeneration zone contacts hydrocarbon feed in the reaction zone to produce cracked hydrocarbon products and spent catalyst. The spent catalyst is recovered and subjected to stripping in a stripping zone to remove strippable material therefrom. The stripped spent catalyst is circulated to the regeneration zone for oxidative exothermic regeneration. Some hot regenerated catalyst is passed directly from the regenerator to the stripping zone via a conduit provided for this purpose. Another hydrocarbon stream is passed into contact with the hot regenerated catalyst in this conduit. The said other hydrocarbon stream is converted to products of enhanced value (e.g., olefins) during contact with catalyst in the conduit, and the said products are recovered.

Abstract: In its simplest sense, the present invention provides a uniquely shaped conduit between the primary and secondary cyclones or, in the alternative, between the riser and the primary cyclone, which creates an increase in the suction of the dilute phase vapor beyond that normally available in the reactor vessel, thereby reducing the dilute phase residence time in the vessel, reducing post-riser thermal cracking, hydrogen transfer reactions, and coking tendency of mixture in dilute phase.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a feed injector for a fluid catalytic cracking reaction zone, which feed injector provides improved oil atomization and dispersion. The injector comprises a straight-pass conduit section, in which a feed oil and steam are premixed, and a terminal section, where the oil is atomized and dispersed by a generally fan-shaped distributor. The feed injector produces a substantially flat spray pattern across the direction of catalyst flow in the catalyst/oil contacting section of the catalytic cracking reaction zone. Improved product yield and lower coke and light gas yields are obtained.