Abstract: An independent secure element manager (ISEM) routes secure payloads without modifying the secure payloads and without knowledge of the encryption keys used to encrypt the secure payloads. Secure payloads from multiple issuers and multiple TSMs can coexist in one or more secure elements because of control by the ISEM.

Abstract: A multifactor authentication (MFA) enforcement server provides multifactor authentication services to users and existing services. During registration, the MFA enforcement server changes a user's password on an existing service to a password unknown to the user. During normal usage when the user accesses the existing service through the MFA enforcement server, the MFA enforcement server enforces a multifactor authentication enforcement policy.

Abstract: A method for ordering a plurality of presentation instruments in a single order includes receiving at a host computer system a request from a purchaser to order the plurality of presentation instruments. The method also includes sending one or more files that are executable by a computer of the purchaser to produce one or more corresponding display screens programmed to collect purchase information relating to the plurality of presentation instruments. The method further includes receiving at the host computer system the purchase information from the purchaser. The purchase information includes a recipient information file. The method also includes delivering the presentation instruments in accordance with the purchase information.