Abstract: A method for testing the integrity of a membrane includes steps of placing a magnetically susceptible material in a fluid upstream of the membrane, collecting the material downstream of the membrane using a magnetic field, and detecting the material using a sensor.

Abstract: The invention is directed to purifying semi-synthetics, and may be conducted off-line or on line with a metal working process. In accordance with the invention, a tangential filter flow path for the microemulsions is provided to tangentially pass through a membrane filter sized to permit passage of microemulsions but inhibit passage of contaminants. The microemulsions are maintained in a tangential flow through the membrane filter with tangential flow velocity in the range of 1 m/s-7 m/s. A low filtering pressure is maintained in the range of 0.05-0.7 bar.

Abstract: A method in which a fluid is driven into a process unit through utilization of a propulsion unit operating in a process mode. A process is performed which utilizes the fluid in the process unit. The propulsion unit is set to operate in a recycle mode and fluid contaminated by the process is driven into a recycling unit through utilization of the propulsion unit. A system comprises a process unit that utilizes a liquid to perform a process. A recycling unit recycles fluid contaminated by the process. A propulsion unit coupled to the process unit and the recycling unit is adjustable between a process mode and a recycle mode.

Abstract: A method in which a fluid is driven into a process unit through utilization of a propulsion unit operating in a process mode. A process is performed which utilizes the fluid in the process unit. The propulsion unit is set to operate in a recycle mode and fluid contaminated by the process is driven into a recycling unit through utilization of the propulsion unit. A system comprises a process unit that utilizes a liquid to perform a process. A recycling unit recycles fluid contaminated by the process. A propulsion unit coupled to the process unit and the recycling unit is adjustable between a process mode and a recycle mode.