Abstract: The present invention relates to methods of inhibiting or reducing voluntary alcohol consumption in a subject comprising administering a selective melanocortin 4 receptor agonist to said subject. The present invention further relates to methods of treating or preventing alcoholism, alcohol abuse, and alcohol related disorders in a subject comprising administering a selective melanocortin 4 receptor agonist to said subject. The present invention further provides for pharmaceutical compositions and medicaments useful in carrying out these methods.

Abstract: An improved hand tool for removing shingles and accompanying roofing material from skip sheeting roof boards. The tool has a handle shank 11 with a drop leg 20 extending down from its front end. A prong 21 extends forwardly from the lower end of drop leg 20. A U-shaped structure 3 has its bight 30 connected to the drop leg 20 with its legs 31 and 32 extending forwardly parallel to and above the prong 21 which is positioned centrally beneath legs 31 and 32. A cross bar 4 connects the forward ends of legs 31, 32, and a brace 12 connects the center of cross bar 4 to the front of handle shank 11. The prong 21 is inserted into the gap between adjacent roof boards and advanced forwardly. The shingles are lifted and trapped between prong 21 and legs 31, 32. As the handle shank is lifted and worked upwardly and downwardly while advancing, the shingles and accompanying material are thus removed from the roof boards.