Abstract: A surface coating composition may include titanium dioxide optionally combined with copper oxide to permanently bind to any surface to create a long lasting, self-cleaning, deodorizing, and antimicrobial surface, and preparation method thereof. A method of continuous flow process to create anatase TiO2 crystals with particle sizes ranging from about 0.1 nm to about 200 nm, or further ranging from about 0.1 nm to about 20 nm in size.

Abstract: A surface coating composition may include titanium dioxide optionally combined with copper oxide to permanently bind to any surface to create a long lasting, self-cleaning, deodorizing, and antimicrobial surface, and preparation method thereof. A method of continuous flow process to create anatase TiO2 crystals with particle sizes ranging from about 0.1 nm to about 200 nm, or further ranging from about 0.1 nm to about 20 nm in size.

Abstract: The interface device includes a first surface that matches the surface morphology of the corresponding artificial disc and a second surface that matches the surface morphology of the corresponding endplate of the vertebrae. The interface device of the present disclosure can be fabricated using the three-dimensional printing technology.

Abstract: A light dimming system is disclosed. The system includes an alternating current (AC) power source having a main line carrying an AC mains voltage and a neutral line, a lighting control module connected to the main line and the neutral line of the AC power source, wherein the control module provides a mixed output signal that combines the AC mains voltage with an encoded dimming control signal, and an LED lighting fixture (“luminaire”) that is connected to the mixed output signal of the lighting control module and is under control of a line decoder module, wherein the line decoder module decodes the mixed output signal into the AC mains voltage and a dimming control signal for consumption by the luminaire.

Abstract: A light dimming system is disclosed. The system includes an alternating current (AC) power source having a main line carrying an AC mains voltage and a neutral line, a lighting control module connected to the main line and the neutral line of the AC power source, wherein the control module provides a mixed output signal that combines the AC mains voltage with an encoded dimming control signal, and an LED lighting fixture (“luminaire”) that is connected to the mixed output signal of the lighting control module and is under control of a line decoder module, wherein the line decoder module decodes the mixed output signal into the AC mains voltage and a dimming control signal for consumption by the luminaire.

Abstract: A smart dimming network encoder is connected to an alternating current power source having a substantially regular period of cycles. The encoder includes a bipolar switch connecting the alternating current power source to a modified alternating current line, the bipolar switch having an on state permitting the modified alternating current line to conduct alternating current from the alternating current power source and an off state preventing conduction on the modified alternating current line. The encoder includes a processor coupled to the bipolar switch, the processor configured to receive a control signal at a control signal input and to switch the bipolar switch to the off state for an off time having a duration corresponding to the control signal.

Abstract: A smart dimming network encoder is connected to an alternating current power source having a substantially regular period of cycles. The encoder includes a bipolar switch connecting the alternating current power source to a modified alternating current line, the bipolar switch having an on state permitting the modified alternating current line to conduct alternating current from the alternating current power source and an off state preventing conduction on the modified alternating current line. The encoder includes a processor coupled to the bipolar switch, the processor configured to receive a control signal at a control signal input and to switch the bipolar switch to the off state for an off time having a duration corresponding to the control signal.

Abstract: A modular direct current power distribution network includes a first power distribution block including a first housing, a first main power storage device enclosed within the housing, a first plurality of device connection ports in the housing, and at least one first transistor controlling the connection from the first main power storage device to the first plurality of device connection ports, at least one external device, the at least one external device having a power exchange port electrically connected to a device connection port of the first plurality of device connection ports and an individual power storage device electrically connected to the power exchange port, and a first controller configured to sense a load sharing threshold event matching a load sharing threshold, and to modify the state of the at least one first transistor in response to the load sharing threshold condition.

Abstract: A smart dimming network encoder is connected to an alternating current power source having a substantially regular period of cycles. The encoder includes a bipolar switch connecting the alternating current power source to a modified alternating current line, the bipolar switch having an on state permitting the modified alternating current line to conduct alternating current from the alternating current power source and an off state preventing conduction on the modified alternating current line. The encoder includes a processor coupled to the bipolar switch, the processor configured to receive a control signal at a control signal input and to switch the bipolar switch to the off state for an off time having a duration corresponding to the control signal.

Abstract: A modular direct current power distribution network includes a first power distribution block including a first housing, a first main power storage device enclosed within the housing, a first plurality of device connection ports in the housing, and at least one first transistor controlling the connection from the first main power storage device to the first plurality of device connection ports, at least one external device, the at least one external device having a power exchange port electrically connected to a device connection port of the first plurality of device connection ports and an individual power storage device electrically connected to the power exchange port, and a first controller configured to sense a load sharing threshold event matching a load sharing threshold, and to modify the state of the at least one first transistor in response to the load sharing threshold condition.

Abstract: Disclosed is a heat-dissipating light-emitting device, including a light-emitting element, a heat-conducting base plate in physical contact with a heat sink, and a driver circuit. The driver circuit and light-emitting element are electrically coupled to each other and electrically isolated from the base plate. The light-emitting device and heat sink may be included in a light fixture. Also disclosed is a method for assembling the light-emitting device.

Abstract: Disclosed is a heat-dissipating light-emitting device, including a light-emitting element, a heat-conducting base plate in physical contact with a heat sink, and a driver circuit. The driver circuit and light-emitting element are electrically coupled to each other and electrically isolated from the base plate. The light-emitting device and heat sink may be included in a light fixture. Also disclosed is a method for assembling the light-emitting device.

Abstract: An apparatus and method of operation of a low-current LED lighting circuit are disclosed. The invention utilizes high AC voltage input and unreduced voltage ripple component of the rectified DC power signal, which provides the ability to drive an LED load at high power factor at low current. The invention discloses both active and passive circuits to limit the peak current flowing to the LED and create a current source for the LED load. The proposed circuit increases reliability by optionally eliminating capacitor, inductor, and heatsink components while minimizing luminous flux fluctuations.

Abstract: This invention is about a reliable light-emitting system and a method to make it. The light-emitting system is mounted on a carrier with a non-conductive adhesive such that at least one of the p-contact layer and n-contact layer of the light-emitting device is in direct contact with conductive patterns formed on the carrier.

Abstract: An apparatus and method of operation of a low-current LED lighting circuit are disclosed. The invention utilizes high AC voltage input and unreduced voltage ripple component of the rectified DC power signal, which provides the ability to drive an LED load at high power factor at low current. The invention discloses both active and passive circuits to limit the peak current flowing to the LED and create a current source for the LED load. The proposed circuit increases reliability by optionally eliminating capacitor, inductor, and heatsink components while minimizing luminous flux fluctuations.

Abstract: A light-emitting system that utilizes light guides for edge lighting and back lighting applications is disclosed. A process of making the light-emitting system is also disclosed. An edge-lit thin light-emitting system can include a light guide sheet disposed between a reflector sheet and a diffuser lens sheet, at least one strip of LED arrays embedded in the optically clear material, the at least one strip is disposed on the edges of the light guide sheet with the light-emission side of LEDs facing the light guide; and, optionally, a frame disposed around the perimeter of the sheets; wherein the at least one strip of LED arrays is attached to the light guide sheet such that an air gap between the LEDs and the light guide is eliminated.

Abstract: Light-emitting systems and related methods of their fabrication are disclosed.