Abstract: A semiconductor device or a crystal that suppresses phase transition of a corundum structured oxide crystal at high temperatures is provided. According to the present invention, a semiconductor device or a crystal structure is provided, including a corundum structured oxide crystal containing one or both of indium atoms and gallium atoms, wherein the oxide crystal contains aluminum atoms at least in interstices between lattice points of a crystal lattice.

Abstract: A semiconductor device or a crystal that suppresses phase transition of a corundum structured oxide crystal at high temperatures is provided. According to the present invention, a semiconductor device or a crystal structure is provided, including a corundum structured oxide crystal containing one or both of indium atoms and gallium atoms, wherein the oxide crystal contains aluminum atoms at least in interstices between lattice points of a crystal lattice.

Abstract: A semiconductor device or a crystal that suppresses phase transition of a corundum structured oxide crystal at high temperatures is provided. According to the present invention, a semiconductor device or a crystal structure is provided, including a corundum structured oxide crystal containing one or both of indium atoms and gallium atoms, wherein the oxide crystal contains aluminum atoms at least in interstices between lattice points of a crystal lattice.

Abstract: A water-permeable ceramic material is made of a porcelain particulate material as the principle component, one or more primary binders selected from starch adhesives, organic binders, clay and water glass, and one or more secondary binders selected from frit, glaze and glass powder. The principal component is selected from one or more porcelain materials including a fired mixture of pottery stone, kaolin and feldspar; porcelain wastes, and other porcelain materials such as road-surfacing porcelain color aggregates, and is classified to have a particles are of relatively high bulk density and very low porosity. The mix is shaped by a pressing machine to a tabular or tubular form suited to the specific use of the final product. The pressure of the pressing machine is adjusted to an amount of 30-200 kg/cm.sup.2. After shaping, the resultant compact is sintered at a temperature up to the melting point of the porcelain particles to produce the ceramic material.