Abstract: The gasification of solid carbonaceous materials such as coal is achieved by directing a stream containing the carbonaceous materials onto a high temperature hot spot which has been formed on the surface of a bath of molten iron by oxygen jets blown thereagainst, the stream containing the carbonaceous materials emanating from a non-submerged, top-blowing lance, the oxygen jets emanating from the same lance or from different lances, and the bath of molten iron being contained in a reactor such that its total volume remains essentially constant.

Abstract: A process for refining high-Cr steel, e.g. 13% Cr steel and 18% Cr steel, is disclosed. The process comprises preparing molten iron in a top-and-bottom blowing converter, heating the molten iron to a predetermined temperature, effecting the decarburization of the thus prepared molten iron by blowing oxygen gas through a top lance against the surface of the molten iron to provide a molten steel while, as bottom-blown gas, initially introducing an oxygen-containing gas into the molten steel then changing to an inert gas when the carbon content of said molten steel is reduced to a predetermined level so as to suppress the oxidation of chromium, and tapping the resulting molten steel out of the converter after adjusting the steel composition.

Abstract: The gasification of solid carbonaceous materials such as coal is achieved by directing a stream containing the carbonaceous materials onto a high temperature hot spot which has been formed on the surface of a bath of molten iron by oxygen jets blown thereagainst, the stream containing the carbonaceous materials emanating from a non-submerged, top-blowing lance, the oxygen jets emanating from the same lance or from different lances, and the bath of molten iron being contained in a reactor such that its total volume remains essentially constant.

Abstract: A process for producing an ultra-low phosphorus steel containing 0.010% or less of phosphorus is disclosed, which comprises charging a desiliconized pig iron into a top- and bottom-blowing oxygen converter, introducing a slag-forming agent in a powdered form onto the molten iron together with the top-blowing oxygen and introducing a bottom-blowing gas selected from the group consisting of an inert gas, nitrogen gas, oxygen gas, carbon monoxide gas, carbon dioxide gas and mixtures thereof during the oxygen top-blowing or during both the oxygen top-blowing and the subsequent tapping.

Abstract: A method of dephosphorization and desulfurization for molten iron alloy containing chromium, which adds to the bath of molten iron alloy flux comprising alkaline-earth metal oxide and alkaline-earth halide and further adds to the same the predetermined quantity of oxidizing agent, so that simple, highly efficient and economical dephosphorization and desulfurization are performable to produce high-chromium steel or stainless steel of high quality, iron oxide, chromium oxide or oxidizing gas are used as the oxidizing agent.

Abstract: A process for dephosphorizing molten pig iron by adding (a) lime, converter slag and/or iron oxide, (b) iron oxide and/or oxidizing gas, and if necessary (c) flourspar and/or soda ash to the molten pig iron stored in a treating vessel in order to adjust the amount of % CaO to correspond to 0.3 to 3.0 times the sum of the amounts of % SiO.sub.2 and % P.sub.2 O.sub.5 and to adjust the amount of total iron to 15 to 50%, in the slag composition after treatment, thereby obtaining a high dephosphorization.