Abstract: The invention provides an apparatus for use with containers 11 each in the form of a rectangular or square tube and having an open upper end and an outlet 25 in a top forming portion 12 of the container, for bonding a pour spout 31 to the container edge portion defining the outlet. The apparatus comprises a conveyor 41 for transporting the containers 11 so as to halt the containers successively at a bonding station, and a support 44 movable into contact with the outlet-defining edge portion of the container 11 as halted at the bonding station from inside the container for receiving the pressure of bonding. The support 44 is so disposed as to be movable into and out of the container 11 along an arc path and has a contact face 83 facing outwardly of the arc path.

Abstract: Modification reaction of water-soluble polymers such as hydrolysis, sulfomethylation, the Hofmann degradation or the Mannich reaction of polyacrylamide are carried out by dispersing the polymer in an aqueous solution of water soluble salt of an alkali metal or magnesium and a di or polybasic inorganic acid and contacting the dispersed polymer with a modifying agent.