Abstract: A catalyst layer for a fuel cell includes a catalyst-supporting carbon in which a catalyst is supported on carbon support powder of which particles have pores, a first electrolyte resin having an oxygen permeability of less than 2.2×10?14 mol/(m·s·Pa) under an environment at a temperature of 80° C. and a relative humidity of 30%, and a second electrolyte resin having an oxygen permeability of 2.2×10?14 mol/(m·s·Pa) or more under an environment at a temperature of 80° C. and a relative humidity of 30%. The content of the first electrolyte resin is an amount equal to or larger than a value X [g] obtained in the equation X=S×R/4436 with respect to 1 g of the carbon support. S denotes a surface area [m2] of the carbon support. R denotes a proportion of the area of the outermost surface of the carbon support with respect to the surface area of the carbon support.

Abstract: A catalyst layer for a fuel cell includes a catalyst-supporting carbon in which a catalyst is supported on carbon support powder of which particles have pores, a first electrolyte resin having an oxygen permeability of less than 2.2×10?14 mol/(m·s·Pa) under an environment at a temperature of 80° C. and a relative humidity of 30%, and a second electrolyte resin having an oxygen permeability of 2.2×10?14 mol/(m·s·Pa) or more under an environment at a temperature of 80° C. and a relative humidity of 30%. The content of the first electrolyte resin is an amount equal to or larger than a value X [g] obtained in the equation X=S×R/4436 with respect to 1 g of the carbon support. S denotes a surface area [m2] of the carbon support. R denotes a proportion of the area of the outermost surface of the carbon support with respect to the surface area of the carbon support.

Abstract: A fuel cell system includes a fuel cell that includes a solid polymer electrolyte membrane and an anode catalyst layer having a water-electrolytic catalyst, a movement portion that moves water from an oxygen electrode of the fuel cell to a side of a fuel electrode, a water content detection portion that detects the water content of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane, and a control portion that controls the movement portion on the basis of a result of detection of the water content detection portion.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a manufacturing method a membrane electrode assembly which has a low proton conduction resistance at a boundary of an electrolyte membrane and a catalyst layer. Catalyst ink including solvent, electrolyte 23 having proton permeability, and a carbon 26 supporting platinum is applied on both sides of an electrolyte membrane 4 having proton permeability. The solvent is evaporated for forming catalyst layers 10, 14. Voltage is applied between the catalyst layers 10, 14 under hydrogen atmosphere for forming proton conduction paths at boundaries between the catalyst layers 10, 14 and the electrolyte membrane 4.

Abstract: A fuel cell system includes a fuel cell that includes a solid polymer electrolyte membrane and an anode catalyst layer having a water-electrolytic catalyst, a movement portion that moves water from an oxygen electrode of the fuel cell to a side of a fuel electrode, a water content detection portion that detects the water content of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane, and a control portion that controls the movement portion on the basis of a result of detection of the water content detection portion.

Abstract: A membrane electrode assembly for fuel cell that irrespectively of the front or backside of polymeric electrolyte membrane, exhibits high output performance, and that exhibits high junction at an interface between polymeric electrolyte membrane and electrode even under low humidification condition or high temperature condition, or in high current density region, realizing appropriate water management and excellent output characteristics. Further, there is provided a fuel cell including the above assembly.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a manufacturing method a membrane electrode assembly which has a low proton conduction resistance at a boundary of an electrolyte membrane and a catalyst layer. Catalyst ink including solvent, electrolyte 23 having proton permeability, and a carbon 26 supporting platinum is applied on both sides of an electrolyte membrane 4 having proton permeability. The solvent is evaporated for forming catalyst layers 10, 14. Voltage is applied between the catalyst layers 10, 14 under hydrogen atmosphere for forming proton conduction paths at boundaries between the catalyst layers 10, 14 and the electrolyte membrane 4.

Abstract: A printed cloth in which a dye is deposited in dots on the cloth to form a desired printed pattern. Said dot deposition is formed in a length of 0.05 to 0.3 mm to the longitudinal direction of the fiber in single fiber unit of the yarn constituting said cloth. A fine printed pattern is deposited clearly in good reproducibility. The printed pattern can be formed by using the dyes of the three primary colors or of the three primary colors and black color. It is preferred that Dyes I , II and III having a perceived chromaticity index (a) and (b) defined in the color range [CIE 1976 (L, a, b) space] on the cloth within the following range are used as said dyes of three primary colors and DyeIV is used as said black dye.

Abstract: A printed cloth in which a dye is deposited in dots on the cloth to form a desired printed pattern. Said dot deposition is formed in a length of 0.05 to 0.3 mm to the longitudinal direction of the fiber in single fiber unit of the yarn constituting said cloth. A fine printed pattern is deposited clearly in good reproducibility. The printed pattern can be formed by using the dyes of the three primary colors or of the three primary colors and black color. It is preferred that Dyes I, II and III having a perceived chromaticity index (a) and (b) defined in the color range [CIE 1976 (L, a, b) space] on the cloth within the following range are used as said dyes of three primary colors and DyeIV is used as said black dye.______________________________________ I Yellow: (a) -20.about.0 (b) 50.about.90 II Red: (a) 50.about.70 (b) 0.about.20 III Blue: (a) -50.about.-1 (b) -50.about.-20 IV Black: (a) -6.about.6 (b) -6.about.

Abstract: A disclosed multiple rotating absolute encoder comprises an encoding plate with a first pattern and a second pattern formed thereon, a first detection unit for reading the first pattern and outputting an information in one rotation of the encoding plate, a second detection unit for reading the second pattern and outputting a first rotation information of the encoding plate, a calculation unit for calculating a second rotation data based on the information in one rotation and the first rotation data, a selection unit for monitoring a rotation speed of the encoding plate and selecting either the first rotation data or the second rotation data in accordance with the rotation speed, and a data calculation unit for calculating rotation information of the encoding plate on the basis of either the first rotation data or the second rotation data selected by the selection unit and the information in one rotation.

Abstract: A composite polyester film in the present invention comprises a main layer and a sublayer. The polyester comprising the sublayer has a specific resistance of the polymer in a melt state of less than 5.times.10.OMEGA..multidot.cm. The specific resistance of the polymer in a melt state is lower than that of the polyester constituting the main layer. In addition, the thickness of the sublayer is 1/200 to 4/10 of the overall thickness of the composite film.The composite polyester film has excellent electrostatic impression casting property and thermal stability.

Abstract: A process for fluid catalytic cracking of a starting oil selected from the group consisting of a distillation residual oil, a solvent deasphalted oil derived therefrom and a hydrodesulfurized oil derived therefrom, which comprises withdrawing a part of catalyst particles circulating through a fluid catalytic cracking unit, sending the withdrawn catalyst particles by means of a carrier fluid selected from the group consisting of air, nitrogen, steam and the mixtures thereof at a rate of 0.01 to 100 meters/second in a particle concentration of 0.

Abstract: In a continuous process for the production of ethylene terephthalate polyesters, when the control value for the viscosity which relates to the degree of the polymerization in a polymerization vessel exceeds a predetermined value, a desired command value of the viscosity at the output of the preceding polymerization vessel is automatically revised.