Abstract: To provide a fuel cell system capable of evaluating degradation of an electrolyte membrane by quantifying metal ions involved in degradation of an electrolyte membrane instead of evaluating degradation of an electrolyte membrane itself. A fuel cell system comprising a fuel cell, a fuel gas system for supplying fuel gas to an anode of the fuel cell, an oxidant gas system for supplying oxidant gas to a cathode of the fuel cell, a voltage detector for detecting a voltage of the fuel cell, and a controller.

Abstract: To provide a fuel cell system capable of evaluating degradation of an electrolyte membrane by quantifying metal ions involved in degradation of an electrolyte membrane instead of evaluating degradation of an electrolyte membrane itself. A fuel cell system comprising a fuel cell, a fuel gas system for supplying fuel gas to an anode of the fuel cell, an oxidant gas system for supplying oxidant gas to a cathode of the fuel cell, a voltage detector for detecting a voltage of the fuel cell, and a controller.

Abstract: A printing apparatus includes a setting section setting a reference value that satisfies an execution condition of a periodic maintenance; and a counting section counting a count value from a previous maintenance. A maintenance section performs the periodic maintenance when the count value of the counting section reaches the reference value. In a case where a user maintenance is performed by the maintenance section according to an instruction of a user, when the count value counted up to the user maintenance is a lower limit value or more, the setting section sets the reference value that is a value corresponding to the count value and is the lower limit value or more, while when the count value counted up to the user maintenance is less than the lower limit value, the setting section sets the lower limit value as the reference value.

Abstract: A server apparatus includes a receiving section that receives first apparatus information and associated information in association with each other, a storage section that stores second apparatus information and user information in association with each other, a control section that determines an execution condition based on the associated information received by the receiving section, and a transmitting section that transmits, to a printing apparatus, the execution condition determined by the control section. The control section causes the execution condition thus determined and the user information associated with the second apparatus information that matches the first apparatus information to be stored in the storage section in association with each other. The transmitting section transmits, to the printing apparatus having the first apparatus information that matches the second apparatus information associated with the user information, the execution condition associated with the user information.

Abstract: A server apparatus includes a receiving section that receives first apparatus information and associated information in association with each other, a storage section that stores second apparatus information and user information in association with each other, a control section that determines an execution condition based on the associated information received by the receiving section, and a transmitting section that transmits, to a printing apparatus, the execution condition determined by the control section. The control section causes the execution condition thus determined and the user information associated with the second apparatus information that matches the first apparatus information to be stored in the storage section in association with each other. The transmitting section transmits, to the printing apparatus having the first apparatus information that matches the second apparatus information associated with the user information, the execution condition associated with the user information.

Abstract: A printing apparatus includes a setting section setting a reference value that satisfies an execution condition of a periodic maintenance; and a counting section counting a count value from a previous maintenance. A maintenance section performs the periodic maintenance when the count value of the counting section reaches the reference value. In a case where a user maintenance is performed by the maintenance section according to an instruction of a user, when the count value counted up to the user maintenance is a lower limit value or more, the setting section sets the reference value that is a value corresponding to the count value and is the lower limit value or more, while when the count value counted up to the user maintenance is less than the lower limit value, the setting section sets the lower limit value as the reference value.

Abstract: A soft X-ray projection exposure apparatus has at least one metal mirror in either an illumination optical system or a projection optical system. The mirror includes a metal substrate and a thin film of an amorphous substance formed thereon. The surface of the amorphous substance is polished to optical smoothness. On the surface of the thin film is a multi-layer film that reflects X-rays of a specified wavelength. The metal substrate efficiently dissipates heat to the back surface of the mirror where it can be easily cooled. The mirror has a small shape error and surface roughness, and sufficiently suppresses thermal deformation caused by irradiating electromagnetic radiation such as X-rays or light. In this manner, the soft X-ray projection exposure apparatus achieves a higher through-put of wafers.

Abstract: The present invention relates to vacuum processing equipment for processing a wafer in a vacuum, and film coating or forming equipment and method for forming a film on a wafer wherein radiation measurement and temperature control of the wafer is carried out by using an infrared radiation thermometer. Based upon the radiation measurement, heating and/or cooling of the wafer during processing is carried out.

Abstract: The present invention relates to vacuum processing equipment for processing a wafer in a vacuum, and film coating or forming equipment and method for forming a film on a wafer wherein radiation measurement and temperature control of the wafer is carried out by using an infrared radiation thermometer. Based upon the radiation measurement, heating and/or cooling of the wafer during processing is carried out.