Abstract: A laser treatment apparatus for irradiating an affected part of a patient with a treatment laser beam to treat the affected part is disclosed.

Abstract: In a laser treatment apparatus, a treatment laser beam emitted from a laser source 10 is coaxially aligned to an aiming beam emitted from an aiming light source 18 by a beam splitter 20. The coaxial beams are delivered to a patient's eye E through a light delivery optical system, when a controller 60 controls an inclination angle of a filter 57 to change its spectral characteristics such that the filter cuts off the treatment laser beam during the treatment laser irradiation, while allows to the aiming beam to pass during the observation of the patient's eye.

Abstract: Disclosed is an optical member for splitting or combining luminous flux, the optical member including a base body made of a transparent material originally having an internal transmittance of approximately 100%. The base body includes a colored portion which is formed in an entire interior of the base body or on at least one of a light entrance plane and a light exit plane of the base body, whereby the internal transmittance of the optical member is reduced when the luminous flux to be used for observation and examination is split or combined by the optical member. Accordingly, the optical member can reduce the generation of ghost images caused by reflection of the luminous flux by a back plane of the optical member. Also disclosed are an observation apparatus and an examination apparatus for observing or examining an object by means of the luminous flux split or combined by the above optical member.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring an optical characteristic of an examined lens, comprising a first measuring optical system for projecting a first measuring light flux on an examined lens, which is enlarged so as to cover a relative large area of the lens, via both a first grating and a second grating which has a predetermined positional relationship with the first grating, thereby forming moire fringes thereon, then detecting the moire fringes by a two dimensional photo detector, a first calculating device for calculating each principle point refractive power at each point of the lens by processing results detected by the first measuring optical system, a second measuring optical system for projecting a second measuring light flux on a small area of the lens, then detecting a position of an image of the second measuring light flux by a positional photo-detector, a second calculating device for calculating a back vertex power at the small area by processing results detected by the second measuring optical system, a

Abstract: In an stereoscopic retinal camera having a photographing optical system capable of photographing a pair of stereoscopic fundus images by dividing a light beam reflected by the fundus of an examinee's eye into two light beams through a two-hole diaphragm, provided are an illuminating optical system for illuminating the fundus of an examinee's eye, an observing optical system for observing the fundus illuminated by the illuminating optical system, a detecting optical system for detecting the luminous flux reflected by the fundus and then directed into the observing optical system, and based on the detected result by the detecting optical system, balance of video signal strength between a pair of the fundus images is judged thereby to take a stereoscopic photograph of the fundus.

Abstract: A stereoscopic retinal camera comprises an illuminating optical system, a photographing optical system, an observation optical system and a focus detection optical system. The focusing optical system consists of an index projecting system combined with one of the two light paths of the observation optical system, and an index detecting system combined with the other light path of the observation optical system. The respective positions of the focusing lenses of the photographing optical system are adjusted so that a sharp image of the focusing index is detected by the index detecting system. Thus, the stereoscopic retinal camera can be easily focused without requiring any particular skill and is capable of enabling the minute observation of the fundus of the eye by means of a direct-vision viewfinder.

Abstract: A stereoscopic retinal camera which enables the stereoscopic observation of the fundus of the eye and is capable of photographing the stereoscopic picture of the fundus by dividing a light beam reflected by the fundus into two light beams and transmitting the two light beams respectively along the light paths of separate image forming optical systems. And according to the stereoscopic retinal camera, each portion of the fundus and the front portion of the eye is photographed by a focus adjustment device, and an inter-image pitch between a right image and a left image of photographing the fundus and/or the front portion of the eye is corrected by an optical correcting device, whereby the inter-image pitch caused by a difference of refracting power or by a change of stereoscopic visual angle is obtainable not to be changed.

Abstract: A photocoagulator for guiding a semiconductor laser beam to an eye to be treated for a photocoagulation operation. The photocoagulator comprises a main device for incorporating first semiconductor laser light sources, an auxiliary device for incorporating second semiconductor laser light sources, an optical fiber for guiding to the auxiliary device output beams from the first semiconductor laser light sources incorporated in the main device, a combining optical element disposed in the auxiliary device for combining the output beams from the first semiconductor laser light sources and the output beams from the second semiconductor laser light sources into a combination beam, and a beam guide optical system for guiding the combination beam combined by the combining optical element to the eye to be treated. The photocoagulator having such an arrangement is made compact and can emit a laser beam having a sufficient energy level.

Abstract: A washer system comprising: an annular washer having a central opening and an annular packing member which is coaxially arranged with the annular washer, at least a portion of the annular packing member being arranged within the central opening of the annular washer; at least a portion of the outer surface of the annular washer being rust-proofed treated. A substantial portion of a contacting surface between the annular washer and the annular packing member is not rust-proofed treated. The annular packing member is made of an elastic water-swellable rubber. The annular packing member has a portion which extends radially outwardly from a portion of the annular washer defining the central opening, and contacts a portion of a lower substantially flat surface of the annular washer radially outwardly of the annular opening. The annular packing member has a portion extending below a lower substantially flat surface of the annular washer.