Abstract: A tire wear measuring device that detects wear of a tire based on a magnetic field from a magnetic object embedded in the tire includes magnetic sensors and a battery. The battery is capable of transmitting the magnetic field from the magnetic object, and has an outer edge from which the magnetic field from the magnetic object is emitted as an emission magnetic field. Each of the magnetic sensors is disposed in a position where the emission magnetic field is detectable by the sensor.

Abstract: A tire wear measurement device, according to the present invention, detects a magnetic field of a magnetic body embedded in a tread portion of a tire and measures the degree of wear of the tire from a change in the magnetic field. The tire wear measurement device includes a first magnetic field detection portion placed at a position at which the magnetic field of the magnetic body can be detected, and a second magnetic field detection portion disposed at a position at which the intensity of the magnetic field of the magnetic body differs from the intensity at the position at which the first magnetic field detection portion is disposed.

Abstract: A pneumatic tire comprising a magnetic body provided in a tread portion, a magnetic sensor for detecting a magnetic flux density of a magnetic field formed by the magnetic body disposed at a radially inward position corresponding to the magnetic body, wherein a magnetic body is formed by dispersing powdery particles of a hard magnetic material in a polymeric material and is magnetized in one direction and is provided in the tread portion so that the magnetization direction and the tire radial direction coincide with each other; a method of tire wear measuring for measuring a wear state in the pneumatic tire; a tire wear measuring system for measuring a wear state in the pneumatic tire; and a sensor module installable inside the pneumatic tire.

Abstract: A magnetic sensor for detecting the position of a magnet in an X direction includes two magnetic sensor elements which are disposed to be spaced apart from each other in a Y direction and are disposed to face the magnet in a Z direction, in which a soft magnetic body is provided to be located between the magnet and the two magnetic sensor elements and to be located between the two magnetic sensor elements, the two magnetic sensor elements are provided in a range in which magnetic flux which is generated from the magnet saturates magnetization of free magnetic layers of the two magnetic sensor elements, magnetization directions of fixed magnetic layers of the two magnetic sensor elements are the same as each other, and a bridge circuit is configured with the two magnetic sensor elements.

Abstract: A rod-shaped magnet is mounted on a rotating unit. The rod-shaped magnet has end surfaces which are oriented in a rotating direction and are magnetized to different magnetic poles. An angle detecting unit including magnetoresistive elements is disposed so as to be offset in a radial direction of a revolution path of the magnet from the revolution path and is configured to detect a change in angle of rotation of the rotating unit by detecting a leakage magnetic field in the vicinity of a side surface of the magnet. Two position detecting units each include magnetoresistive elements and are configured to detect a change in orientation of a magnetic field in the direction of a tangent to the revolution path when facing the rod-shaped magnet and produce a switch output.

Abstract: A magnetic field generating portion is provided to a moving unit moving together with an operating unit. Two magnets are disposed in the magnetic field generating portion with a gap between in the direction of movement. A detection unit is provided to a fixed portion. The detection unit includes a first magnetoresistive device and a second magnetoresistive device and outputs of different combinations are obtained depending which of a first detection position, a second detection position, and an intermediate detection position, the moving unit has moved to.

Abstract: The outputs from a first magnetic detector and a second magnetic detector are supplied to first to fourth output circuits which are differential amplifiers, whereby first and second detected outputs which are analogous to a sine wave and whose positive-negative polarities are opposite to each other, and third and fourth detected outputs which are analogous to a cosine wave and whose positive-negative polarities are opposite to each other are obtained. The first to fourth detected outputs are supplied to a switching circuit, and detected output portions are obtained at intervals of 90° from the first to fourth detected outputs. A bias adding circuit applies a bias voltage to each of the detected output portions to obtain an angle detection output analogous to a linear function. The angle detection output is used to determine the supply timing at which a three-phase driving current is supplied.

Abstract: A magnetic field rotation detection sensor that detects a rotation of a magnet, includes: a plurality of first magnetic sensor elements constituting a first bridge circuit; and a plurality of second magnetic sensor elements constituting a second bridge circuit, wherein sensitivity axes of the plurality of first magnetic sensor elements and sensitivity axes of the plurality of second magnetic sensor elements are oriented in directions where the sensitivity axes intersect each other, and the plurality of first magnetic sensor elements are disposed further inside than the plurality of second magnetic sensor elements.

Abstract: A magnetic sensor for detecting the position of a magnet in an X direction includes two magnetic sensor elements which are disposed to be spaced apart from each other in a Y direction and are disposed to face the magnet in a Z direction, in which a soft magnetic body is provided to be located between the magnet and the two magnetic sensor elements and to be located between the two magnetic sensor elements, the two magnetic sensor elements are provided in a range in which magnetic flux which is generated from the magnet saturates magnetization of free magnetic layers of the two magnetic sensor elements, magnetization directions of fixed magnetic layers of the two magnetic sensor elements are the same as each other, and a bridge circuit is configured with the two magnetic sensor elements.

Abstract: Outputs from first and second magnetic detection units are applied to first to fourth output circuits, each being a differential amplifier, and therefore detection outputs S1 and S2 approximating a sine wave reversed in positive/negative polarity with each other and detection outputs S3 and S4 approximating a cosine wave reversed in positive/negative polarity with each other can be obtained. These detection outputs S1 to S4 are applied to a switching circuit, so that a partial detection output can be obtained at intervals of 90 degrees from the detection outputs S1 and S4. In a bias adding circuit, a bias voltage is applied to each partial detection output, so that the partial detection outputs become consecutive outputs to thereby obtain an angle detection output approximating a linear function.

Abstract: The outputs from a first magnetic detector and a second magnetic detector are supplied to first to fourth output circuits which are differential amplifiers, whereby first and second detected outputs which are analogous to a sine wave and whose positive-negative polarities are opposite to each other, and third and fourth detected outputs which are analogous to a cosine wave and whose positive-negative polarities are opposite to each other are obtained. The first to fourth detected outputs are supplied to a switching circuit, and detected output portions are obtained at intervals of 90° from the first to fourth detected outputs. A bias adding circuit applies a bias voltage to each of the detected output portions to obtain an angle detection output analogous to a linear function. The angle detection output is used to determine the supply timing at which a three-phase driving current is supplied.

Abstract: A rod-shaped magnet is mounted on a rotating unit. The rod-shaped magnet has end surfaces which are oriented in a rotating direction and are magnetized to different magnetic poles. An angle detecting unit including magnetoresistive elements is disposed so as to be offset in a radial direction of a revolution path of the magnet from the revolution path and is configured to detect a change in angle of rotation of the rotating unit by detecting a leakage magnetic field in the vicinity of a side surface of the magnet. Two position detecting units each include magnetoresistive elements and are configured to detect a change in orientation of a magnetic field in the direction of a tangent to the revolution path when facing the rod-shaped magnet and produce a switch output.

Abstract: A magnetic field generating portion is provided to a moving unit moving together with an operating unit. Two magnets are disposed in the magnetic field generating portion with a gap between in the direction of movement. A detection unit is provided to a fixed portion. The detection unit includes a first magnetoresistive device and a second magnetoresistive device and outputs of different combinations are obtained depending which of a first detection position, a second detection position, and an intermediate detection position, the moving unit has moved to.

Abstract: A PNPN structure thyristor and a third P-type impurity region are formed on a semiconductor substrate, and a fixed current circuit using an NPN transistor 20 and a resistor 30 is connected to a cathode terminal K and a gate terminal G of a composite element 10 that has a P-channel MOS transistor Q3 with the third P-type impurity region as a drain connected to a PNP transistor Q1 of the thyristor. If a voltage applied to the anode terminal A of the composite element 10 rises from 0V, initially the thyristor is on and current flows, but once the threshold voltage of transistor Q3 is reached transistor Q3 turns on. A short circuit then exists between the base and emitter of transistor Q3 of the thyristor and current of the composite element 10 itself is cut off. Because of the bipolar structure it is simple to configure a small integrated circuit with a high withstand voltage.

Abstract: A PNPN structure thyristor and a third P-type impurity region are formed on a semiconductor substrate, and a fixed current circuit using an NPN transistor 20 and a resistor 30 is connected to a cathode terminal K and a gate terminal G of a composite element 10 that has a P-channel MOS transistor Q3 with the third P-type impurity region as a drain connected to a PNP transistor Q1 of the thyristor. If a voltage applied to the anode terminal A of the composite element 10 rises from 0V, initially the thyristor is on and current flows, but once the threshold voltage of transistor Q3 is reached transistor Q3 turns on. A short circuit then exists between the base and emitter of transistor Q3 of the thyristor and current of the composite element 10 itself is cut off. Because of the bipolar structure it is simple to configure a small integrated circuit with a high withstand voltage.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide the telemetering apparatus, which telemeters electric power, gas, and waterworks, for telemetering via a telephone network with an exchange, wherein the telemetering apparatus responds to the normal polarity inversion, the slow polarity inversion, and calling bell signal applied to the communication line therebetween upon starting or releasing of use of the communication line. To attain the above object, the telemetering appears according to the present invention comprises detection means for detecting a rising edge or falling edge of those polarity inversions and signal characterized thereby with reference to the respective predetermined voltage and the respective predetermined period, thus distinguishing one of these polarity inversions and signal from the others.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide the telemetering apparatus, which telemeters electric power, gas, and waterworks, for telemetering via a telephone network with an exchange, wherein the telemetering apparatus responds to the normal polarity inversion, the slow polarity inversion, and calling bell signal applied to the communication line therebetween upon starting or releasing of use of the communication line. To attain the above object, the telemetering appears according to the present invention comprises detection means for detecting a rising edge or falling edge of those polarity inversions and signal characterized thereby with reference to the respective predetermined voltage and the respective predetermined period, thus distinguishing one of these polarity inversions and signal from the others.

Abstract: An off-hook signal and dial pulse generating circuit which has a smaller number of switching devices having a high withstand current characteristic and has a less surge voltage than up to now. A dial pulse circuit and a switch block circuit are connected in parallel with the output side of a full-wave rectifying circuit. The circuit comprises an impedance circuit and a first switch circuit to be turned on/off by a signal. The impedance circuit operates in a state where it has an inductance component in case that a signal synchronized with a signal is off and operates in a state where it has no inductance in case that the signal is on, and an electric current flowing therethrough is turned on/off by the first switch circuit. The circuit comprises a series circuit composed of second and third switch circuits. The second switch circuit is turned on/off in response to a signal synchronized with the signal (where this circuit is off when the signal is on).

Abstract: In a high voltage detection circuit, a high voltage detection portion 10 constituted with, for instance, two constant voltage circuits 10a and 10c and a current mirror portion 10b, a strobe input 20 and an output communication device 30 are provided. This high voltage detection circuit outputs a high voltage detection signal S30 if an input voltage Vin, which is equal to or greater than a voltage value set by the constant voltage circuits 10a and 10c is supplied while a strobe control signal ST is provided. When high voltage detection on telephone lines is performed by such a high voltage detection circuit by inputting the results of the detection of a polarity inversion at telephone lines as a strobe control signal ST, only reception of bell signal can be detected. In addition, by resetting the results of polarity inversion detection using the results of high voltage detection, it is possible to identify a non-ringing reception that is not accompanied by a bell signal.

Abstract: The magnetocrystalline anisotropic energy Kl is set to not more than 100 J/m.sup.3 and the absolute value of the magnetostriction in the <100> direction, as the magnetic circuit direction, is reduced by appropriately selecting the ferrite material composition. Since the magnetocrystalline anisotropic energy Kl is small, the magnetoelastic energy largely affects the anisotropy of the crystallographic axis. The magnetoelastic energy is made negative and small in magnitude by adjusting the average coefficients of thermal expansion of the ferrite material and glass so as to apply a tensile stress around the magnetic gap of the magnetic head. The <100> direction, i.e., magnetic circuit direction, is thereby allowed to coincide with a hard axis of magnetization. As a result, the permeability of the magnetic head is improved at high-frequency bands.