Abstract: An improved image reading apparatus which is so arranged that, by providing marks shaded to a predetermined density or darkness for setting a required reading area on an image reading surface, the start mark and end mark are detected by a solid state image sensor for supplying image signals within the required reading range into memory unit based on results of the on detection so as to reduce the memory capacity of the memory unit.

Abstract: A slit exposure scanning type electrophotographic copying apparatus has an optical system enclosed in an optical frame within which a light source for illumination, an image transmitter formed by a bundle of optical fibers of graded refractive index, and other associated elements are secured in predetermined relative positions with the optical frame urged to engage a movable or stationary transparent platform for placing an original to be copied for easy focusing and positioning adjustments in assembling the copying apparatus. The concept of the optical frame is applicable both to a copying apparatus with a moving platform and a stationary optical system, and one with a stationary platform and a moving optical system irrespective of whether it is a wet-copying process type or dry-copying process type.