Abstract: A process for preparing an encapsulated pigment dispersion suitable for use in an ink jet printing ink comprising the following steps in the order I) followed by II): I) providing a dispersion comprising a pigment, a liquid medium and a dispersant comprising the repeat units from copolymerizing the ethylenically unsaturated monomers in components a) to c): a) from 75 to 97 parts of one or more hydrophobic ethylenically unsaturated monomers comprising at least 50 parts benzyl (meth) acrylate; b) from 3 to 25 parts one or more hydrophilic ethylenically unsaturated monomers having one or more ionic group(s); c) from 0 to 2 parts of one or more hydrophilic ethylenically unsaturated monomers having a hydrophilic non-ionic group; and ?wherein the parts are by weight and the sum of the parts a) to c) add up to 100; II) cross-linking the dispersant in the presence of the pigment and the liquid medium.

Abstract: A process for preparing an encapsulated pigment dispersion suitable for use in an ink jet printing ink comprising the following steps in the order I) followed by II): I) providing a dispersion comprising a pigment, a liquid medium and a dispersant comprising the repeat units from copolymerising the ethylenically unsaturated monomers in components a) to c): a) from 75 to 97 parts of one or more hydrophobic ethylenically unsaturated monomers comprising at least 50 parts benzyl (meth) acrylate; b) from 3 to 25 parts one or more hydrophilic ethylenically unsaturated monomers having one or more ionic group(s); c) from 0 to 2 parts of one or more hydrophilic ethylenically unsaturated monomers having a hydrophilic non-ionic group; and ?wherein the parts are by weight and the sum of the parts a) to c) add up to 100; II) cross-linking the dispersant in the presence of the pigment and the liquid medium.

Abstract: A process for preparing an encapsulated pigment dispersion suitable for use in an ink jet printing ink comprising the following steps in the order I) followed by II): I) providing a dispersion comprising a pigment, a liquid medium and a dispersant comprising the repeat units from copolymerizing the ethylenically unsaturated monomers in components a) to c): a) from 75 to 97 parts of one or more hydrophobic ethylenically unsaturated monomers comprising at least 50 parts benzyl (meth)acrylate; b) from 3 to 25 parts one or more hydrophilic ethylenically unsaturated monomers having one or more ionic group(s); c) from 0 to 2 parts of one or more hydrophilic ethylenically unsaturated monomers having a hydrophilic non-ionic group; and wherein the parts are by weight and the sum of the parts a) to c) add up to 100; II) cross-linking the dispersant in the presence of the pigment and the liquid medium.

Abstract: A process for preparing an encapsulated particulate solid using an epoxy functional cross-linking agent and a carboxylic acid functional dispersant wherein the cross-linking agent has one or more oligomeric dispersing group and/or the dispersant has an acid value of at least 125 mg KOH/g. The resultant solids are useful in, for example, ink jet printing inks.

Abstract: A process for preparing an aqueous pigment dispersion suitable for use in an ink jet printing ink comprising the following steps in the order I) followed by II): I) providing a dispersion having a sodium chloride critical coagulation concentration of no more than 2.0M, said dispersion comprising a pigment, an aqueous liquid medium and a dispersant having one or more ionic group(s); and II) reducing the hydrophilicity of the dispersant by reacting at least some, but not all of the ionic group(s) in the dispersant with the one or more hydrophobic compound(s).

Abstract: A process for printing an image on a substrate comprising the steps of: (a) applying an ink comprising polymer-encapsulated pigment particles and an aqueous medium to a substrate by means of an ink jet printer, wherein (i) the said particles are dispersed in the aqueous medium, and (ii) the said particles comprise a carboxy-functional dispersant crosslinked around a pigment core by a first crosslinking agent; and (b) crosslinking the polymer-encapsulated pigment particles with a second crosslinking agent. The process is particularly useful for printing polymeric substrates which come into contact with rubbing and/or moisture.

Abstract: A process for preparing a dispersion of encapsulated solid particles in a liquid medium comprising: i) comminuting a composition comprising a solid, a liquid medium and a polyurethane dispersant having an acid value of from 0.55 to 3.5 mmoles per g of dispersant, said composition comprising from 5 to 40 parts of polyurethane dispersant per 100 parts of solid, the parts being by weight; and ii) cross-linking the polyurethane dispersant in the presence of the solid and the liquid medium so as to encapsulate the solid particles; wherein the polyurethane dispersant contains less than 10% by weight of repeat units from polymeric alcohols, each polymeric alcohol having a number averaged molecular weight of more than 500 daltons.

Abstract: A process for printing an image on a substrate comprising the steps of: (a) applying an ink comprising polymer-encapsulated pigment particles and an aqueous medium to a substrate by means of an ink jet printer, wherein (i) the said particles are dispersed in the aqueous medium, and (ii) the said particles comprise a carboxy-functional dispersant crosslinked around a pigment core by a first crosslinking agent; and (b) crosslinking the polymer-encapsulated pigment particles with a second crosslinking agent. The process is particularly useful for printing polymeric substrates which come into contact with rubbing and/or moisture.

Abstract: A process for purifying a composition comprising: i) an encapsulated pigment comprising a pigment and an encapsulant material comprising a cross-linked dispersant; ii) a liquid medium; and iii) free dispersant; said process comprising removal of at least some free dispersant from the composition using a membrane having a molecular weight cut-off of 3 to 30 times the weight average molecular weight of the dispersant prior to cross-linking, with the proviso that all of conditions a), b) and c) are met: a) the pigment is not silicon dioxide; b) the cross-linked dispersant is not cross-linked polyethyleneimine; and c) the cross-linked dispersant is not a dispersant which has been cross-linked with bis-ethene,1,1?-[methylene bis(sulfonyl)].

Abstract: A process for preparing an encapsulated carbon black pigment comprising cross-linking a dispersant with a cross-linking agent in the presence of a carbon black pigment and a liquid medium, thereby encapsulating the carbon black pigment within the cross-linked dispersant, wherein: d) the dispersant has one or more cross-linkable groups selected from amine, hydroxy and carboxylic acid groups or salts thereof; e) the cross-linking agent is polyglycerol polyglycidyl ether; f) the carbon black pigment has an average primary particle size of from 16 to 22 nm and a surface area of from 140 to 220 m2/g.

Abstract: A process for preparing an aqueous pigment dispersion suitable for use in an ink jet printing ink comprising the following steps in the order I) followed by II): I) providing a dispersion having a sodium chloride critical coagulation concentration of no more than 2.0M, said dispersion comprising a pigment, an aqueous liquid medium and a dispersant having one or more ionic group(s); and II) reducing the hydrophilicity of the dispersant by reacting at least some, but not all of the ionic group(s) in the dispersant with the one or more hydrophobic compound(s).

Abstract: A process for preparing a modified particulate solid comprising reacting a dispersant with a compound in the presence of a particulate solid and a liquid medium, characterised in that: a) the dispersant has at least one reactable group selected from keto, aldehyde and beta-diketoester groups, b) the compound has at least two groups reactive towards said keto, aldehyde and/or beta-diketoester groups. The process provides a modified particulate solid having improved stability which is particularly useful for liquid vehicles having and range of polarities and for incorporation into ink jet printing inks.

Abstract: A process for preparing an encapsulated pigment dispersion suitable for use in an ink jet printing ink comprising the following steps in the order I) followed by II): I) providing a dispersion comprising a pigment, a liquid medium and a dispersant comprising the repeat units from copolymerising the ethylenically unsaturated monomers in components a) to c): a) from 75 to 97 parts of one or more hydrophobic ethylenically unsaturated monomers comprising at least 50 parts benzyl (meth) acrylate; b) from 3 to 25 parts one or more hydrophilic ethylenically unsaturated monomers having one or more ionic group(s); c) from 0 to 2 parts of one or more hydrophilic ethylenically unsaturated monomers having a hydrophilic non-ionic group; and wherein the parts are by weight and the sum of the parts a) to c) add up to 100; II) cross-linking the dispersant in the presence of the pigment and the liquid medium.

Abstract: A process for printing an image on a substrate comprising applying to the substrate by means of an ink jet printer an ink comprising the components: i) an encapsulated pigment comprising a pigment core and a cross-linked dispersant shell; ii) a binder having a weight averaged molecular weight of at least 5,000 which is or comprises a polyurethane; and iii) a liquid vehicle; wherein the binder is chemically different from the dispersant in the shell. The process provides prints having good highlighter smear resistance. The inks print well and are especially stable.

Abstract: A process for purifying a composition comprising: i) an encapsulated pigment comprising a pigment and an encapsulant material comprising a cross-linked dispersant; ii) a liquid medium; and iii) free dispersant; said process comprising removal of at least some free dispersant from the composition using a membrane having a molecular weight cut-off of 3 to 30 times the weight average molecular weight of the dispersant prior to cross-linking, with the proviso that all of conditions a), b) and c) are met: a) the pigment is not silicon dioxide; b) the cross-linked dispersant is not cross-linked polyethyleneimine; and c) the cross-linked dispersant is not a dispersant which has been cross-linked with bis-ethene,1,1?-[methylene bis(sulfonyl)].

Abstract: An ink-jet printing process containing the steps (a) and (b) in any order or simultaneously: (a) applying an ink by means of an ink printer to a localised region of substrate to form an image on the substrate; and (b) applying a fixing composition containing a liquid medium and a polymeric biguanide containing a repeat unit of Formula (1) or a salt thereof by means of an ink jet printer to localised region of the substrate: wherein: X and Y are the same or different and represent divalent organic linking groups; and characterised in that the localised regions referred to in steps (a) and (b) are substantially coextensive.

Abstract: An aqueous coating composition comprising a crosslinkable water-dispersible polyurethane oligomer wherein said composition when drying to form a coating has an open time of at least 20 minutes, a wet-edge time of at least 10 minutes, a tack free time of <20 hours and an equilibrium viscosity of <5,000 Pa·s at a solids content when drying in the range of from 20 to 55 wt % using a shear rate in the range of from 9±0.5 to 90±5 s?1 and at 23+2° C.

Abstract: Basic and acid dispersants derived from branched alkyl aliphatic acids and alcohols and one or more hydroxy carboxylic acid or lactone to give a polyoxyalkylenecarbonyl chain (POAC) having a terminal carboxylic acid group (TPOAC acid) or terminal hydroxy group (TPOAC alcohol). Preferred basic dispersants are obtained by reaching one or more TPOAC acids with a polyamine or polyimine such as polyethyleneimine and preferred anionic dispersants are prepared by forming a phosphate ester of a TPOAC alcohol.

Abstract: A process for preparing an encapsulated particulate solid using an epoxy functional cross-linking agent and a carboxylic acid functional dispersant wherein the cross-linking agent has one or more oligomeric dispersing group and/or the dispersant has an acid value of at least 125 mg KOH/g. The resultant solids are useful in, for example, ink jet printing inks.

Abstract: An ink-jet printing process comprising the steps (a) and (b) in any order or simultaneously: (a) applying an ink to a substrate by means of an ink-jet printer to form an image on a substrate; and (b) applying to the substrate a fixing composition comprising a liquid medium and a polymer containing a plurality of monoguanide and/or biguanide groups by means of an ink jet printer; characterised in that in the fixing composition has a chloride concentration less than 400 ppm by weight.