Abstract: A method for determining the risk of an adverse pregnancy outcome for a woman is provided comprising the steps of measuring a level of TM7-H1 and optionally one or more of BVAB1, Sneathia amnii, and Prevotella cluster 2 in a vaginal sample obtained from the woman, and identifying the woman as having an increased risk for an adverse pregnancy outcome, or other adverse pregnancy outcomes, if the levels are increased compared to corresponding standard control levels. Methods for the prophylactic treatment of subjects identified as being at increased risk for an adverse pregnancy outcome are also provided.