Abstract: A treatment medium has a particulate natural substrate saturated, suffused and/or coated with hydrous iron oxide. The particulate substrate can be wood based, such as wood chips, bark, sawdust, wood waste or other plant material (such as straw, lucerne, hay, coconut husk or other bulk particulate plant material). The hydrous iron oxide is provided in aqueous suspension form. The substrate may be tumbled in aqueous hydrous iron suspension to achieve saturation/coating. The resulting hydrous iron oxide bearing medium is either placed loose directly into the target treatment site or contained in bags 18 before placing into the target site.

Abstract: A treatment medium has a particulate natural substrate saturated, suffused and/or coated with hydrous iron oxide. The particulate substrate can be wood based, such as wood chips, bark, sawdust, wood waste or other plant material (such as straw, lucerne, hay, coconut husk or other bulk particulate plant material). The hydrous iron oxide is provided in aqueous suspension form. The substrate may be tumbled in aqueous hydrous iron suspension to achieve saturation/coating. The resulting hydrous iron oxide bearing medium is either placed loose directly into the target treatment site or contained in bags 18 before placing into the target site.

Abstract: An electrically heated water kettle comprises a vessel for holding a liquid for extraction of tea, coffee or other food material. The vessel includes a partially open immersible container sized to allow the passage of water between the walls of the vessel. The container is capable of holding the material while an opening in the container allows the entrance of water into the container upon immersion of the container in the water. The heated kettle incorporates structure to hold the container out of the water until the water reaches an appropriate extraction temperature and to immerse or withdraw the container into or from the water as is necessary to accomplish the extraction.

Abstract: An electrically heated water kettle comprises a vessel for holding a liquid for extraction of tea, coffee or other food material. The vessel includes a partially open immersible container sized to allow the passage of water between the walls of the vessel. The container is capable of holding the material while an opening in the container allows the entrance of water into the container upon immersion of the container in the water. The heated kettle incorporates structure to hold the container out of the water until the water reaches an appropriate extraction temperature and to immerse or withdraw the container into or from the water as is necessary to accomplish the extraction.

Abstract: An electrically heated water kettle comprises a vessel for holding a liquid for extraction of tea, coffee or other food material. The vessel includes a partially open immersible container sized to allow the passage of water between the walls of the vessel. The container is capable of holding the material while an opening in the container allows the entrance of water into the container upon immersion of the container in the water. The heated kettle incorporates structure to hold the container out of the water until the water reaches an appropriate extraction temperature and to immerse or withdraw the container into or from the water as is necessary to accomplish the extraction.

Abstract: An electrically heated water kettle comprises a vessel for holding a liquid for extraction of tea, coffee or other food material. The vessel includes a partially open immersible container sized to allow the passage of water between the walls of the vessel. The container is capable of holding the material while an opening in the container allows the entrance of water into the container upon immersion of the container in the water. The heated kettle incorporates structure to hold the container out of the water until the water reaches an appropriate extraction temperature and to immerse or withdraw the container into or from the water as is necessary to accomplish the extraction.

Abstract: An electromotive machine having a stator element and a rotor element, the stator element including at least one set of N preferably toroidally shaped electromagnetic members, the electromagnetic members arranged along an arc a predetermined distance apart defining a stator arc length. Each of the members has a slot, and the rotor element includes a disc adapted to pass through the slots. The disc contains a plurality of permanent magnet members spaced side by side about a periphery thereof and arranged so as to have alternating north-south polarities. These permanent magnet members are sized and spaced such that within the stator arc length the ratio of stator members to permanent magnet members is N to N+1, where N is the number of electrical excitation phases applied to the electromagnets. The electromagnetic members are energized to create high torque and smooth operation.

Abstract: Methods are provided for production of optical filters that include alternating exposures of a surface of a substrate to two or more precursors that combine to form a sublayer on the surface. A measurement light flux is provided to measure an optical property of the sublayer or an assemblage of sublayers. Based on the measurement, the number of sublayers is selected to produce an optical filter, such as a Fabry-Perot filter, having predetermined properties.

Abstract: An electromotive machine having a stator element and a rotor element, the stator element including at least one set of N preferably toroidally shaped electromagnetic members, the electromagnetic members arranged along an arc a predetermined distance apart defining a stator arc length. Each of the members has a slot, and the rotor element includes a disc adapted to pass through the slots. The disc contains a plurality of permanent magnet members spaced side by side about a periphery thereof and arranged so as to have alternating north-south polarities. These permanent magnet members are sized and spaced such that within the stator arc length the ratio of stator members to permanent magnet members is N to N+1, where N is the number of electrical excitation phases applied to the electromagnets. The electromagnetic members are energized to create high torque and smooth operation.

Abstract: A contact device having a plurality of nominally coplanar first contact elements makes electrical contact with corresponding nominally coplanar second contact elements of an electronic device when the contact device and the electronic device are positioned so that the plane of the first contact elements is substantially parallel to the plane of the second contact elements and relative displacement of the devices is effected in a direction substantially perpendicular to the plane of the first contact elements and the plane of the second contact elements. The contact device comprises a stiff substrate having a major portion with fingers projecting therefrom in cantilever fashion, each finger having a proximal end at which it is connected to the major portion of the substrate and an opposite distal end and there being one or two contact elements on the distal end of each finger. It is necessary to effect relative displacement of the devices by a distance d from first touchdown to achieve last touchdown.

Abstract: A contact device having a plurality of nominally coplanar first contact elements makes electrical contact with corresponding nominally coplanar second contact elements of an electronic device when the contact device and the electronic device are positioned so that the plane of the first contact elements is substantially parallel to the plane of the second contact elements and relative displacement of the devices is effected in a direction substantially perpendicular to the plane of the first contact elements and the plane of the second contact elements. The contact device comprises a stiff substrate having a major portion with fingers projecting therefrom in cantilever fashion, each finger having a proximal end at which it is connected to the major portion of the substrate and an opposite distal end and there being one or two contact elements on the distal end of each finger. It is necessary to effect relative displacement of the devices by a distance d from first touchdown to achieve last touchdown.