Abstract: A method and apparatus for installing underground utilities using an offset head fluid jet drilling and reaming apparatus. The drill is maneuverable and provides means for remote sensing of orientation and depth. Embodiments are illustrated with single and multiple jet cutting orifices.

Abstract: A system for recovering heat in a pulp digesting process is disclosed. The system includes apparatus for blowing a pulp and liquid mixture from a digester to a container such as a blow tank or blow cyclone; a conduit for transferring flash vapor above a predetermined pressure, which is above atmospheric pressure, from the blow tank to a pressure accumulator; a conduit for transferring flash vapor below the predetermined pressure from the blow tank to an atmospheric accumulator.

Abstract: A pressure or other transducer having a normal variable voltage output is converted to a unit having a variable current output in response to the normal output voltage with the minimum current drawn by the unit being only slightly greater than that required to operate the basic voltage-type transducer. The new current output system includes a voltage regulator and a voltage-to-current converter. The voltage-to-current converter includes an operational amplifier and an output transistor, with one input to the operational amplifier being set at a voltage equal to the output voltage of the voltage-type pressure transducer at zero pressure. The output from the voltage-type pressure transducer is connected through a first gain adjusting potentiometer to the second input of the operational amplifier; and an additional offset adjustment potentiometer is connected between the output of the voltage regulator and the junction between the gain adjustment potentiometer and the second input to the operational amplifier.

Abstract: A method and system for recovering heat in a pulp digesting process is disclosed. The method includes the steps of blowing a pulp and liquid mixture from a digester to a container such as a blow tank or blow cyclone; transferring flash vapor above a predetermined pressure, which is above atmospheric pressure, from the blow tank to a pressure accumulator; transferring flash vapor below the predetermined pressure from the blow tank to an atmospheric accumulator; and mixing the flash vapor with a processing liquid in the pressure accumulator.

Abstract: The invention relates to a cleaning system in which, during the cleaning procedure, the articles have to pass a plurality of treatment stations in a direction which is opposite to that in which the flow of the cleaning liquid is established. From the first and most contaminated of the treatment stations, the cleaning liquid is removed and supplied to an ultrafilter. At least part of the outflow from this filter is returned to one of the latest or to the last treatment station. Ultrasonic energy is used to increase the efficiency of at least one of the stations. Ambient heat and vapor loss are recaptured.

Abstract: Cobalt is recovered as a finely-divided and anhydrous salt from impure, nickel-bearing, aqueous solutions of cobalt, by exposing the aqueous solution to oxidation at an elevated temperature in the presence of ammonia and the respective ammonium salt, the formation of cobalt (III) hexammine ions is catalysed with activated carbon or solid sulfides, a cobalt (III) hexammine salt is crystallized from the solution, the salt is separated from the solution and pyrolysed to form a cobalt (II) salt, and the released ammonia is returned to the oxidation stage.

Abstract: Extra fine cobalt powder is manufactured by pyrolysing a cobalt (III)hexammine salt and then reducing the obtained oxide.

Abstract: A secondary electrochemical cell includes electrodes separated by a layer of electrically insulative powder. The powder includes refractory materials selected from the oxides and nitrides of metals and metaloids. The powdered refractory material, blended with electrolyte particles, is compacted as layers onto an electrode to form an integral electrode structure and assembled into the cell. The assembled cell is heated to its operating temperature leaving porous layers of electrically insulative, refractory particles, containing molten electrolyte between the electrodes.