Abstract: A solar energy system can include at least one holographic optical element to encode the focusing of solar radiation. Multiple holograms and/or multiple layers can be used to focus light over a band(s) of angles and/or wavelengths onto an array of solar cell elements. The selection of holograms in a concentrator can allow a photovoltaic device to receive light over a wide range of incident angles, and can allow for the receiving of a wide band of wavelengths without inoperable gaps in angle of incidence or wavelength. This range of incident angles for solar cells allows the solar cells to receive light over a large period of daylight without the need to mechanically rotate or pivot the device in order to track the movement of the sun throughout the daylight period.

Abstract: A teleconference facilitation system and method may allow a user to pre-register a group or “team.” When the user contacts a server by, for example, a pre-arranged telephone number, the server attempts to initiate a teleconference among the user and the team members. The user may pre-schedule an automatically initiated conference call.