Abstract: A system for providing bi-directional RF services over a point-to-multipoint Passive Optical Network (PON). A system that can transport upstream RF signals generated by devices such as a set top box or a cable modem, through a passive Optical Network while simultaneously supporting downstream RF video and bi-directional base-band services on the PON.

Abstract: A system for providing bi-directional RF services over a point-to-multipoint Passive Optical Network (PON). A system that can transport upstream RF signals generated by devices such as a set top box or a cable modem, through a passive Optical Network while simultaneously supporting downstream RF video and bi-directional base-band services on the PON.

Abstract: A system for providing bi-directional RF services over relating to a point-to-multipoint Passive Optical Network (PON).

Abstract: A system for providing bi-directional RF services over relating to a point-to-multipoint Passive Optical Network (PON).

Abstract: A system and method relating to a point-to-multipoint Passive Optical Network (PON) that protects the system against fiber breaks or damage which can disrupt the path between the OLT and a plurality of Dual Transceiver ONUs.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for performing a digital overlay in a passive optical network is disclosed. In one embodiment the method comprises sending one or more Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) messages to an optical network unit (ONU) in a passive optical network (PON) using a first physical interface, and sending one or more multicast data streams associated with the one or more IGMP messages using a second physical interface, where the first and second physical interfaces are different.

Abstract: Glycoprotein production methods and host cell lines are provided. The production methods and host cells include the functional expression of a galactosyltransferase and a sialyltransferase alone or in combination with a host cell line selected for lack of functional expression of a glycohydrolytic enzyme such as a sialidase.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for attracting insects to a point above a hat and above a person's head. The apparatus includes a member on one end coated with an insect attractant and a clip means at the other end, such as for clipping onto a hat. The insect attractant can be of a scent to attract insects, such as gnats, mosquitos or flies, and can resemble such scents as body sweat on the skin, natural scents of a person, or scents of male and female insects, thereby attracting both sexes of the insects. The clip on the other end can be a spring clip or an alligator clip, or a head-encircling spring structure.