Abstract: According to one embodiment of the present invention, identifying a molecule of a sample includes illuminating the sample with a preparation light beam, where the preparation light beam can initiate a substantially maximized coherence of a target molecule to yield a molecular signature corresponding to the target molecule. The sample is illuminated with a probe light beam, where the probe light beam can scatter radiation from the sample. Radiation scattered from the sample is detected, and whether the radiation exhibits the molecular signature is determined. The target molecule is identified in accordance with the determination of whether the radiation exhibits the molecular signature.