Abstract: Architecture that provides fully automatic generation of a geo-ontology and does not use pre-existing geo-ontologies or other location entity repositories (e.g., a licensed location). The architecture extracts the formal administrative structure of a geographical region of interest (e.g., country) (a geo-ontology of locations with attributes and relations) from a collection of entities with spatial attributes, extracts the informal administrative structure of a geographical region of interest (e.g., country) (informal administrative regions and names and informal neighborhoods and their attributes), and extracts location static rank features for all these entities (attributes used for ranking locations from the geo-ontology that appear in user queries).

Abstract: Architecture that provides fully automatic generation of a geo-ontology and does not use pre-existing geo-ontologies or other location entity repositories (e.g., a licensed location). The architecture extracts the formal administrative structure of a geographical region of interest (e.g., country) (a geo-ontology of locations with attributes and relations) from a collection of entities with spatial attributes, extracts the informal administrative structure of a geographical region of interest (e.g., country) (informal administrative regions and names and informal neighborhoods and their attributes), and extracts location static rank features for all these entities (attributes used for ranking locations from the geo-ontology that appear in user queries).

Abstract: A method of ranking documents by specificity values includes specifying a reference set of documents, each document including one or more terms, and specifying a first document that includes one or more terms that are included in the reference set of documents. The method includes determining, from the reference set of documents, one or more term-specificity values for the one or more terms of the first document by calculating frequencies of terms within the reference set of documents, wherein a larger term-specificity value corresponds to a lower likelihood relative to the reference set of documents, and determining a document-specificity value for the first document by combining the one or more term-specificity values for the first document, wherein larger term-specificity values correspond to a larger document-specificity value.