Abstract: Processing systems analyze data structures that characterize plans for combating climate change. The plans are represented by data structures that characterize one or more transition targets, each including (or associated with) data characterizing the significance of the change, the likelihood it will take place, the confidence level in those estimates, and other information, and how those might change over time. The system traverses the data structure and produces one or more scores characterizing the plan. Some embodiments iterate over the initial plan data structure or a space derived from the initial plan data structure, moving toward a plan that meets overall goals, preferably while supporting a necessary level of activity. Agent-based modeling drives some embodiments to optimize outputs toward particular metrics and/or with particular constraints.

Abstract: The user is enabled to move smoothly between viewing an entire document in a word by word display, through views that display only elements of increasing landmark value, to an overview of the document in a single display window. A document is parsed into a hierarchy, of which each node at every level (from chapter to sentence, clause or long word) has a display state (invisible, tokenized or open) for the way it is shown as part of an expandable view of the document. The contents opted for display within a tokenized view may be prioritized according to a system of landmark values. The view is modified by user input using an explicit data structure of nodes and states within the device controlling the display, or by structuring in another system the underlying logic of the arrangement of code that is acted upon by a web browser.

Abstract: A set of versions of a file, with one chosen as baseline version, is displayed as a single flow of material where all agree with the baseline and in separate difference columns where they do not. A current version may be edited either directly or by adoption of material from different versions, which may be toggled in and out of visibility. Sequential undo (step-wise or by a slider) can be localized to chosen subsets of the current version, and any chosen subset can be restored as a unit to an earlier state.

Abstract: The invention enables a user to create a saved Version of a file which gives (besides the usual content access and format specifications) information in a Wrapper which permits it to be transferred while maintaining a provenance relationship with other files and cryptographic relation with a server. Data in the Wrapper may include content location, Collaboration identity, provenance data, a site location for provenance data, data concerning necessary harmonisation, cryptographic or password data, data enabling the recipient to join a web service supporting the Collaboration, and other such data enabling web-supported interaction with the content. Upon opening the Version the user sees and can modify or re-transmit the content in a display that makes use of the Wrapper information to enable and organize access to the content, to the provenance information and related files, or other web-enabled interaction with the content and the Collaboration.

Abstract: We construct a systematic scheme of information concerning provenance among digital objects, make this information available to the user, and use it to modify the effect of user's actions. Such relationships are derived by comparison of elements in the files or by making records when creating them. This information may be displayed by a view of a descent tree, a flow diagram, or internal markup of a combined view of object content. The provenance structure enables selection of related subsets for search, constraints on search such as ‘root occurrence’ or ‘unmerged occurrences’, and selection of appropriate objects to merge or respond to. It defines the active set of objects for any chosen time, enabling a display of commonality and difference among versions at any stage of a project involving one or more collaborators, with or without one of them having final authority over the suggestions of the others.

Abstract: A user connected to a first service mounted on a remote server is enabled to connect to a second service, on the same or another server, without new steps required for log-in, and optionally including the passing of parameters from the first to the second service that enable the second service to open in a manner appropriate to the state of the user's interaction with the first service at the moment of requesting the connection. In the case of the second service being provided from a second server, authentication is provided by means of an authentication broker, which provides a token that the operating system of the user's computer is induced (via its normal response to received messages) to embed in a request for service to the second server, which verifies the token by an exchange with the broker. In either case, once the connection with the second server is achieved, later repeated access may be enabled without the user having to go through the procedure required to enable such access from scratch.

Abstract: A set of versions of a file, with one chosen as baseline version, is displayed as a single flow of material where all agree with the baseline and in separate difference columns where they do not. A current version may be edited either directly or by adoption of material from different versions, which may be toggled in and out of visibility. Sequential undo (step-wise or by a slider) can be localized to chosen subsets of the current version, and any chosen subset can be restored as a unit to an earlier state.

Abstract: A current registered member of a web site is enabled to send a message to a person not currently a member, containing a link to a newly created membership page for that person, to which access may be confirmed by only the entry of a password, rather than a multi-step registration process, or may be extended by the use of a cookies or the mailing of repeated single-use keys. The new membership includes the ordinary privileges of a non-paying member of the site, together with access to site aspects specific to the inviter and the creation of the invitation, such as but not limited to folders created by the inviter, documents or other files uploaded by the inviter, blogs or postings by the inviter, alerts as to future events initiated by the inviter, information about purchasable items recommended by the inviter, free access to documents or other viewable entities for which the inviter has purchased access, or a family tree presented from the viewpoint of the invitee.

Abstract: Comparison of versions of a document reveals both their descent tree and the details of their differences. The descent tree directs the attention of a collaborative author to particular versions and permits leaving the rest in an archive, while appropriate display of the detailed differences simplifies the multi-source editing process. In our preferred embodiment, this is delivered as a web-based service.

Abstract: The user is enabled to move smoothly between viewing an entire document in a word by word display, through views that display only elements of increasing landmark value, to an overview of the document in a single display window. A document is parsed into a hierarchy, of which each node at every level (from chapter to sentence, clause or long word) has a display state (invisible, tokenized or open) for the way it is shown as part of an expandable view of the document. The contents opted for display within a tokenized view may be prioiritized according to a system of landmark values. The view is modified by user input using an explicit data structure of nodes and states within the device controlling the display, or by structuring in another system the underlying logic of the arrangement of code that is acted upon by a web browser. The section hierarchy may be explicitly coded in the document format, or reconstructed from typographical evidence.

Abstract: The invention relates to a computerized portable handheld means (10) with a screen (16) for the display of objects (19) to be manipulated, and a method therefore. It has two type of means for manipulation; one for a hand holding it, and one when it is placed on another surface. A tactile providing means provides a tactile feedback to a hand holding a pointing means (20) when manipulating an object (19). It thus provides an enhanced browsing through available objects (19) by the use of at least the two human senses seeing and feeling.