Abstract: The present invention provides a process for producing 2-(4-methyl-2-phenylpiperazin-1-yl)-3-cyanopyridine which comprises reacting 1-methyl-3-phenylpiperazine with 2-chloro-3-cyanopyridine in the presence of an organic base and in the absence of alkali metal halide in an polar aprotic organic solvent.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-mercaptophenol containing reducing bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)polysulfide with zinc in a mixed solvent of toluene and n-butanol, and provides a method for producing 4,4?-isopropylidenedithiobis[2,6-di-tert-butylphenol] using the above-mentioned method.

Abstract: A liquid crystal layer is sealed between an array substrate and an opposed substrate arranged to oppose each other with a gap. A multiplicity of particulate spacers are arranged between the array and opposed substrates to maintain the gap therebetween. The array substrate is formed with a transparent insulating film covering signal lines, scanning lines, switching elements and pixel electrodes. The areas of the insulating film opposing the respective pixel electrodes are each formed with a plurality of apertures for limiting the movement of the spacers.

Abstract: A light crystal cell comprising a pair of substrates arranged substantially parallel and provided with electrodes on their opposite surfaces, and a ferroelectric liquid crystal composition held between these substrates, two polarizers arranged on either side of said liquid crystal cell, and an optical retardation film for equalizing the states of polarization of transmitted light that has passed through parts of said liquid crystal cell of different thickness. It is preferable that this optical retardation film is inserted between the liquid crystal cell and a polarizer. The number of optical retardation films need not however be limited to one, and several such films may be used. A polarizer and optical retardation film may also be assembled as one unit.

Abstract: This invention discloses a liquid crystal display device including a liquid crystal cell having two substrates, arranged substantially parallel to each other, and having electrodes on their opposing surfaces, and a liquid crystal composition held between the substrates, first and second polarizers arranged at both sides of the liquid crystal cell, a first optical delay plate arranged between the liquid crystal cell and the second polarizer, and a second optical delay plate arranged between the first optical delay plate and the second polarizer, wherein liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal composition are arranged in twisted mode from a second polarizer side to a first polarizer side, the first and second optical delay plates are arranged such that optical axes thereof cross to form an acute angle, and a twist direction of the liquid crystal molecules in the state of twisted mode is the same as a direction from the optical axis of the second optical delay plate toward the first optical delay plate sh

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device has a liquid crystal cell including first and second substrates spatially arranged to oppose each other, first and second electrodes formed on opposing surfaces of the first and second substrates, respectively, and a liquid crystal composition filled between the first and second substrates and arranged in a twisted mode. First and second polarizers are arranged on both sides of the liquid crystal cell. An optical retardation film is arranged between the first substrate and the first polarizer. The optical retardation film has a retardation value falling within a range of RO.times.0.55 to RO.times.0.80 where RO is a retardation of the liquid crystal cell. An optical axis of the optical retardation film is angled 100.degree. to 130.degree. with respect to the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules on the first substrate.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a liquid crystal display device including a liquid crystal cell, the liquid crystal cell including two substrates which are arranged substantially parallel to each other and have electrodes on opposing surfaces thereof, and a liquid crystal composition held between the substrates such that the liquid crystal molecules are arranged in a twisted mode, first and second polarizers arranged at both sides of the liquid crystal cell, and first and second optical delay plates arranged between the liquid crystal cell and the second polarizer, wherein assuming that a retardation value of the liquid crystal cell is given by:R.sub.0 =.DELTA.n.multidot.d.multidot.cos.sup.2 .theta.where .DELTA.n is the optical anisotropy of the liquid crystal composition, d is the distance between the two substrates in the liquid crystal cell, and .theta. is the tilt angle of the liquid crystal composition, a total of the retardation values of the first and second optical delay plates is R.sub.0 .times.0.

Abstract: A liquid crystal cell includes first and second substrates arranged to oppose each other, first and second electrodes formed on opposing surfaces of the first and second substrates, respectively, and a liquid crystal composition filled between the first and second substrates and arranged in a twisted mode. First and second polarizers are arranged on both sides of the liquid crystal cell. A first optical retardation film is arranged between the first substrate and the first polarizer, and a second optical retardation film is arranged between said second substrate and said second polarizer. The liquid crystal cell has a retardation value R0 of 0.4 to 0.85 .mu.m, defined by an equation:.DELTA.n.multidot.d.multidot.cos.sup.2 .theta.where d is a distance between the first and second substrates, .DELTA.n is an optical anisotropy of the liquid crystal composition and .theta. is a tilt angle of the liquid crystal composition.