Abstract: Methods to construct a transcription template for cell-free protein synthesis that has a high translation template activity, using a 3?-side primer and a 5?-side primer for PCR are provided. The 5?-side primer for PCR has a sequence complementary to a base sequence containing at least a part of a promoter functional site from the 5?-end of a promoter and has a base sequence that does not contain a base sequence complementary to at least a part of a RNA polymerase-recognizing site of the 3?-end of the promoter. The other primer has a base sequence complementary to at least a part of the RNA polymerase-recognizing site of the 3?-end of the promoter and has a sequence that does not contain a base sequence complementary to at least a part of a promoter functional site from the 5?-end of the promoter.

Abstract: The subjects of the present invention are to prepare a highly functionalized cell extract for cell-free protein synthesis and to specify and eliminate inhibitors and unstable substances present in conventional and various cell extracts for cell-free protein synthesis. Also provided is a method for preparing the cell extract for use in a cell-free protein synthesis means, wherein ATP-mediated phosphorylation pathway of sugar present in the cell extract is controlled. In particular, the control is introducing at least one selected from the following: 1) removing monosaccharides, 2) removing phosphorylated sugars, 3) controlling production of monosaccharides from polysaccharides, and 4) controlling production of phosphorylated sugars from monosaccharides.

Abstract: To develop system technology for a high throughput in vitro synthesis reaction method for biopolymers such as proteins, RNA, and the like.

Abstract: Lyophilized preparations from cell extract for use in cell-free protein, which exhibit an activity for protein synthesis being in no way inferior to that exhibited in low-temperature storage; and a method of utilizing the same. In particular, preparations are formed by performing lyophilization after reducing the concentration of deliquescent substances in a solution containing cell extract for synthesis of cell-free protein to a level not detrimental to the quality of preparations after lyophilization.

Abstract: One embodiment of the present invention is a diffusion continuous batch cell-free protein-synthesis method characterized simultaneously by continuously supplying substrate and energy source molecules in the supply phase to the reaction phase by the free diffusion via interface between both phases and by transferring by-products formed in the reaction phase by enhancing the efficiency of the synthesis reaction by prolonging the reaction lifetime by directly contacting a synthesis reaction mixture (reaction phase) containing a biological extract with a substrate- and energy source-supplying solution (supply phase) without using barrier such as semi-permeable membrane or ultrafiltration membrane in a general cell-free protein-synthesis reaction means.

Abstract: Primers, primer sets, and methods using same to design and construct a transcription template for cell-free protein synthesis that can be widely used, has a high translation template activity, and can be simply constructed, including a 3′-side primer for PCR and a 5′-side primer for PCR are provided. The 3′-side primer for PCR is a polynucleotide comprising a base sequence characteristic to each vector capable of forming a complementary strand with a base sequence present between a transcription terminator sequence of a marker gene, such as a drug resistance gene, of a vector into which a gene was inserted and Ori.

Abstract: One embodiment of the present invention is a diffusion continuous batch cell-free protein-synthesis method characterized simultaneously by continuously supplying substrate and energy source molecules in the supply phase to the reaction phase by the free diffusion via interface between both phases and by transferring by-products formed in the reaction phase by enhancing the efficiency of the synthesis reaction by prolonging the reaction lifetime by directly contacting a synthesis reaction mixture (reaction phase) containing a biological extract with a substrate- and energy source-supplying solution (supply phase) without using barrier such as semi-permeable membrane or ultrafiltration membrane in a general cell-free protein-synthesis reaction means.

Abstract: The invention relates to enkephalin analogs of the formula ##STR1## wherein in case of X is D-Val, D-Phe, Pro, D-Met, D-Met(O), D-Leu, D-Glu, D-Glu(Obzl), D-Lys, D-Lys(Z), or D-Arg,Y is Gly or Phe; andR isa) a direct bond,b) an alkylene group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms,c) o-, m-, or p-phenylene group,d) a cycloalkane; orwherein in case ofX is D-Ala,Y is Phe; andR isa) a direct bond,b) an alkylene group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms,c) o-, m-, or p-phenylene group, ord) a cycloalkane,its salts and hydrates, as well as a therapeutic composition containing at least one of the enkephalin analogs, as an effective component.

Abstract: The present invention relates to intermediates for synthesizing BH.sub.4 and derivatives thereof. The intermediates are shown as follows; ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is a hydrogen atom, alkyl, aralkyl, or aryl group; R.sub.2 is an alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, or polyhydroxyalkyl group; R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are the same or different and represent alkyl, aralkyl, or aryl group; R.sub.5, R.sub.6, R.sub.7, and R.sub.8 are the same or different and represent a hydrogen atom or acyl group; R.sub.9 is an alkyl, aralkyl, or aryl group; R.sub.10 and R.sub.11 are the same or different and represent a hydrogen atom or acyl group; n is an integer of 5 or less; and HX is an acid. The invention also relates to a process for the preparation of L-biopterin.

Abstract: The present invention relates to intermediates for synthesizing BH.sub.4 and derivatives thereof. The intermediates are shown as follows: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is a hydrogen atom, alkyl, aralkyl, or aryl group; R.sub.2 is an alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, or polyhydroxyalkyl group; R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are the same or different and represent alkyl, aralkyl, or aryl group; R.sub.5, R.sub.6, R.sub.7, and R.sub.8 are the same or different and represent a hydrogen atom or acyl group; R.sub.9 is an alkyl, aralkyl, or aryl group; R.sub.10 and R.sub.11 are the same or different and represent a hydrogen atom or acyl group; n is an integer of 5 or less; and HX is an acid. The invention also relates to a process for the preparation of L-biopterin.

Abstract: Some of antineoplastic agents, for instance, adriamycin and daunorubicin, have a positive charge at physiological pH. Such drugs possess high affinity for binding to steroidal sulfate by means of electrostatic force. The invention utilizes this property to prepare steroidal sulfate liposomes having a net negative charge and encapsulating the antineoplastic agent.

Abstract: A novel polymer-metal complex containing quaternary nitrogen atoms, which is obtained by subjecting polyethylenepolyamine or polyethyleneimine to a reaction with a bifunctional compound represented by the formulaY--A--Zwherein Y and Z are same or different and are --CH.sub.2 X, --CH(OH)CH.sub.2 X or ##STR1## group, respectively, A is a single bond, --(CH.sub.2).sub.m --, --CH.sub.2 --O--CH.sub.2 -- or --CH.sub.2 --O--(CH.sub.2).sub.k --O--CH.sub.2 -- group, X is chlorine, bromine or iodine atom, m is an integral of 1 to 3, and k is an integral of 1 to 4, and then subjecting the resulting cross-linked polymer to a coordination of a polyvalent metal ion, a salt thereof, a process for the preparation thereof and a pharmaceutical agent comprising the same.

Abstract: A 1-(N-substituted carbamoyl)-5-fluorouracil derivative represented by the following general formula: ##STR1## R is a 4-alkoxycyclohexyl group-containing radical which is 2,3,4-trimethoxycyclohexcylethyl, 2,3,4-trimethoxycyclohexyl, 2,4-dimethoxycyclohexylmethyl, 3,4-dimethoxycyclohexylethyl, 2,4-dimethoxycyclohexyl, 2,4,5-trimethoxycyclohexyl, 3,4-dimethoxycyclohexylmethyl, 3,4,5-trimethoxycyclohexyl, 4-ethoxycyclohexyl or 4-ethoxycyclohexylmethyl. The compounds are carcinostatic agents. The compounds are used in a therapeutically effective amount in the presence of a carrier.