Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a fuel consumption reduction amount calculation device, a fuel consumption reduction amount calculation and display program, a carbon dioxide emission reduction amount calculation device, and a carbon dioxide emission reduction amount calculation and display program, that digitize the fuel consumption reduction amounts or CO2 emission reduction amounts of a vehicle or a drier or the other heating appliances. SOLUTION: A fuel consumption reduction amount calculation device 10 inputs base line data 14 and 16 of a vehicle before mounting a combustion improvement device and project data 18 and 20 of the vehicle after mounting the combustion improvement device, and displays a value calculated by subtracting annual fuel consumption amount taken from project data from a value calculated by dividing annual travel distance taken from the project data by the fuel consumption rate taken from the base line data.

Abstract: This invention relates to a pH measuring electrode having a sensor film which is sensitive to a hydrogen ion (H.sup.+) in the solution. The pH measuring electrode of this invention has a sensor film of a metal oxide deposited on an electrically insulative ceramics substrate so that the sensor film can be very miniaturized in its size. Therefore, the entire pH measuring electrode can be made considerably small and simple in construction. Also, this invention provides another pH measuring electrode which further includes a porous film of an insulation material coated on the surface of the metal oxide sensor film so that the sensor film is not affected by any coexistent substances.

Abstract: This invention relates to a pH measuring electrode having a sensor film which is sensitive to a hydrogen ion (H.sup.+) in the solution. The pH measuring electrode of this invention has a sensor film of a metal oxide deposited on an electrically insulative ceramics substrate so that the sensor film can be very miniaturized in its size. Therefore, the entire pH measuring electrode can be made considerably small and simple in construction. Also, this invention provides another pH measuring electrode which further includes a porous film of an insulation material coated on the surface of the metal oxide sensor film so that the sensor film is not affected by any coexistent substances.

Abstract: This invention relates to a pH measuring electrode having a sensor film which is sensitive to a hydrogen ion (H+) in the solution and method of manufacturing the same. The pH measuring electrode of this invention has a sensor film of a metal oxide deposited on an electrically conductive support so that the sensor film can be very miniaturized in its size. Therefore, the entire pH measuring electrode can be made considerably small and simple in construction. Also, this invention provides another pH measuring electrode which further includes a porous film of an insulation material coated on the surface of the metal oxide sensor film so that the sensor film is not affected by any coexistent substances.