Abstract: Disclosed is a method of heat transfer between a solid such as a metal and a fluid such as water or air characterized in that a porous layer having numerous pores of a nano-size is formed on a surface of the solid that is in contact with the fluid, by treating the surface of the solid with a paste containing a particle group such as copper oxide (CuO), carbon (C) or alumina (Al2O3) having a diameter of 100 nm or less and an acid or an alkali. A completely novel method exhibiting an extremely high efficiency with a low cost is provided regarding the convective heat transfer among the heat transfer phenomena.

Abstract: A system of this invention includes terminals each of which makes a display device display a visualized image on the basis of visualized image data, and a main Web server which is connected to the terminals via a network, assigns a visualization job ID used to identify a visualization job to a visualization request from the terminal in response to that visualization request, manages the visualization job by associating visualized image data with the visualization job ID, displays selectable visualization jobs, visualized images of which are being displayed on any of the terminals, on the display device of the terminal to prompt the user to select a desired visualization job, acquires visualized image data associated with the visualization job ID selected by the user, and controls to transmit the visualized image data to the terminal.