Abstract: A waveform shaping circuit includes a capacitor, an impedance element, a switch circuit, and a switch control circuit. Opposite ends of the capacitor are connected to the input and output, respectively. One end of the impedance element supplies a target constant voltage to the output end of the capacitor. The switch circuit has a switch without a diode. When on, the switch applies the target constant voltage to the output. When off, it does not. The switch control circuit switches the switch on during a high voltage period in an AC component of an input pulse signal and switches the switch off during a low voltage period of the AC component. The circuit shapes the input pulse signal into an output pulse signal whose peak-to-peak voltage is equivalent to a peak-to-peak voltage of the AC component and whose voltage during the high voltage period is at the target constant voltage.

Abstract: A waveform shaping circuit is configured without including a diode that is affected by temperature. The waveform shaping circuit includes: a capacitor with one end into which a differential signal Vd0 is inputted and another end connected to an output; an impedance element that has one end connected to the other end of the capacitor and another end into which a target constant voltage is applied; a switch circuit that is constructed of a series circuit with an impedance element and a switch without including a diode, has one end connected to the output, and has another end into which the target constant voltage is applied; and a switch control circuit that shifts the switch into an on state during a low voltage period in an AC component of the differential signal and shifts the switch to an off state during a high voltage period of the AC component.

Abstract: A waveform shaping circuit includes a capacitor, an impedance element, a switch circuit, and a switch control circuit. Opposite ends of the capacitor are connected to the input and output, respectively. One end of the impedance element supplies a target constant voltage to the output end of the capacitor. The switch circuit has a switch without a diode. When on, the switch applies the target constant voltage to the output. When off, it does not. The switch control circuit switches the switch on during a high voltage period in an AC component of an input pulse signal and switches the switch off during a low voltage period of the AC component. The circuit shapes the input pulse signal into an output pulse signal whose peak-to-peak voltage is equivalent to a peak-to-peak voltage of the AC component and whose voltage during the high voltage period is at the target constant voltage.

Abstract: A waveform shaping circuit is configured without including a diode that is affected by temperature. The waveform shaping circuit includes: a capacitor with one end into which a differential signal Vd0 is inputted and another end connected to an output; an impedance element that has one end connected to the other end of the capacitor and another end into which a target constant voltage is applied; a switch circuit that is constructed of a series circuit with an impedance element and a switch without including a diode, has one end connected to the output, and has another end into which the target constant voltage is applied; and a switch control circuit that shifts the switch into an on state during a low voltage period in an AC component of the differential signal and shifts the switch to an off state during a high voltage period of the AC component.

Abstract: A structure of a chamber in a combustion engine includes a ring-groove portion formed on the piston, a squish-area making portion formed on a top surface of the piston for a squish-area, an outer edge portion formed around the top surface excepting the squish-area making portion, and a land portion formed around a side surface between the ring-groove portion and the top surface. The land portion includes, a squish-land portion formed between the ring-groove portion and the squish-area making portion, an outer-edge-land portion formed between the ring-groove portion and said outer edge portion, the outer-land portion being smaller than the squish-land portion in height.

Abstract: To improve both fuel consumption and quality of exhaust gas quality the present invention as a structure of a chamber in a combustion engine includes a ring-groove portion formed on the piston, a squish-area making portion formed on a top surface of the piston for a squish-area, an outer edge portion formed around the top surface excepting the squish-area making portion, and a land portion formed around a side surface between the ring-groove portion and the top surface. The land portion includes, a squish-land portion formed between the ring-groove portion and the squish-area making portion, an outer-edge-land portion formed between the ring-groove portion and said outer edge portion, the outer-land portion being smaller than the squish-land portion in height.

Abstract: There is provided a combustion chamber structure in an internal combustion engine in which, at a peripheral portion of a combustion chamber, a gap between a cylinder head lower face and a piston upper face is small in intake-to-intake and exhaust-to-exhaust zones and gradually increases toward an intake-to-exhaust zone. According to such design, the mixture in the peripheral portion of the combustion chamber can smoothly flow from the intake-to-intake and exhaust-to-exhaust zones to the intake-to-exhaust zone along the peripheral face of the cylinder. The flow of air-fuel mixture from the intake-to-intake zone collides at the center of the intake-to-exhaust zone with the flow of mixture from the exhaust-to-exhaust zone, and the combined flow goes over a conical tapered portion in the upper face of the piston and vigorously enters a central recessed portion thereof. Therefore, it is possible to satisfactorily mix an air-fuel mixture with a simplified configuration.

Abstract: There is provided a combustion chamber structure in an internal combustion engine in which, at a peripheral portion of a combustion chamber, a gap between a cylinder head lower face and a piston upper face is small in intake-to-intake and exhaust-to-exhaust zones and gradually increases toward an intake-to-exhaust zone. According to such design, the mixture in the peripheral portion of the combustion chamber can smoothly flow from the intake-to-intake and exhaust-to-exhaust zones to the intake-to-exhaust zone along the peripheral face of the cylinder. The flow of air-fuel mixture from the intake-to-intake zone collides at the center of the intake-to-exhaust zone with the flow of mixture from the exhaust-to-exhaust zone, and the combined flow goes over a conical tapered portion in the upper face of the piston and vigorously enters a central recessed portion thereof. Therefore, it is possible to satisfactorily mix an air-fuel mixture with a simplified configuration.

Abstract: An apparatus for removing bubbles in paint comprises a sealed container having an upper section and a lower section divided by a plate having one or more slit-like through holes and a pressure reducing device connected to the lower section. A paint coating system includes the bubble removing apparatus, a tank for storing a new paint, a first pipe line to feed paint from the tank to the upper section of the sealed container, a curtain flow coater or a roll coater communicated with the lower section of the sealed container so as to receive paint without bubbles, and a vessel to collect paint which does not contribute to form a coating layer.