Abstract: A biochip includes a liquid crystal panel having liquid crystal cells each corresponding to each sample on a substrate. The liquid crystal panel includes an upper polarization filter, an upper transparent electrode, an upper orientation film, a liquid crystal, a lower orientation film, a lower transparent electrode and a lower polarization filter in this order. By application of voltage to a desired liquid crystal cell, external light is selectively radiated onto the sample. Thus, it is possible to achieve downsizing, cost reduction and high-speed operation of a biochip reader.

Abstract: A reflector used for a display device has a plurality of unit reflecting portions. The unit reflecting portions are arranged by repeating arrangement patterns of unit regions. The unit regions have a repetition pitch that is integral times the pitch of pixels of a liquid crystal display and more than 5000 &mgr;m. More preferably, the repetition pitch of unit regions is integral times the pitch of pixels of a liquid crystal display and more than 10000 &mgr;m.

Abstract: Components, apparatus, and method for detecting emission signals from target molecules include a substrate having a plurality of pixel locations on a surface, each location including at least one target molecule; a reflecting plate disposed opposite a side of the substrate having the pixel location; and a lens array disposed between the substrate and the reflecting plate, including the first lens array on the substrate side, a medium layer, and the second lens array on the reflecting plate side. Each lens of the second lens array has its focus on each lens of the first lens array, and the first lens array and the second lens array focus into an image of each of the at least one target molecule on the reflecting plate.

Abstract: A biochip includes a liquid crystal panel having liquid crystal cells each corresponding to each sample on a substrate. The liquid crystal panel includes an upper polarization filter, an upper transparent electrode, an upper orientation film, a liquid crystal, a lower orientation film, a lower transparent electrode and a lower polarization filter in this order. By application of voltage to a desired liquid crystal cell, external light is selectively radiated onto the sample. Thus, it is possible to achieve downsizing, cost reduction and high-speed operation of a biochip reader.

Abstract: A multi-layered microlens array substrate is disclosed. The substrate includes a first layer having a plurality of microlenses disposed at an object side of the substrate, a second layer having a plurality of microlenses disposed at an image side of the substrate and attached to a liquid crystal device, and a third layer disposed between the first layer and the second layer. A refractive index of the third layer is different from that of the first layer and the second layer. A focal point of a compound lens formed by the second layer and the third layer is positioned proximate to an interface between the third layer and the first layer so that incident beams incidenting on the focal point from the object side of the substrate in different angles are refracted through the substrate in a manner that those incident beams are focused on a pixel of the liquid crystal device that is disposed at a position that corresponds to the microlens of the first and second layers.

Abstract: A stereoscopic display apparatus such that when an viewing point position of an observer is moved, a stereoscopic image similar to that observed at the moved position is obtained. A plurality of images according to a plurality of viewing point positions are generated from right/left image generating apparatuses. One of the plurality of images selected by a switching device is supplied to an image display apparatus. An observer observes a stereoscopic image by a liquid crystal driving apparatus, liquid crystal polarizing plates, and polarizing spectacles. Infrared rays from infrared light emitting devices are partially obstructed by the observer and are received by infrared photosensitive devices. A position detection processing circuit judges the image according to an viewing point position of the observer from detection signals, thereby switching the switching device to the right/left image generating apparatuses.

Abstract: A steering module comprises: a steering wheel attached to a member which is attached to a car body portion, the steering wheel being connected to a steering shaft which passes through the member; a pad having at least one electric part, the pad being attached to the member through the steering wheel. A first connector is arranged in the member. A second connector is arranged in the pad. The second connector electrically connects with the electrical part, and is electrically connected to the first connector. A car-body-side securing portion is arranged in the member. A pad-side securing portion is disposed on the pad. The car-body-side securing portion and the pad-side securing portion are engaged with each other so as to secure the member and the pad and connect the first connector with the second connector.

Abstract: A color image display device has a light source which emits an approximately parallel beam of light, a color separation element for separating this parallel beam into beams of light of different colors, a liquid crystal display panel having picture elements and a lens array for focusing the separated beams at corresponding ones of these picture elements. The color separation element is formed with a prism array having two diffraction gratings on both sides of it such that a beam of white light passing through it will be separated into beams of different colors and the angles between the optical axes of these beams of different colors will be greater as they leave the separation element than if this beam of white light passed through only one of these diffraction gratings. Either one or both of these diffraction gratings may be integrally formed respectively on one or both of the surfaces of the prism array.

Abstract: A steering switch module mounted on a steering wheel for controlling electronic equipments disposed on a vehicle is disclosed. The module comprises a switch board on which a plurality of switches are provided to control the electronic equipments, a plurality of operation buttons for press-operating the switches, a holding member for holding so each of the operation buttons as to be capable of moving only in the press-operation direction, the holding member secured to the switch board, and a steering cover for covering the switch board and the holding member such that only the operation buttons are exposed.

Abstract: A steering module comprises: a steering wheel attached to a member which is attached to a car body portion, the steering wheel being connected to a steering shaft which passes through the member; a pad having at least one electric part, the pad being attached to the member through the steering wheel; a first connector arranged in the member; and a second connector arranged in the pad, the second connector electrically connecting with the electrical part, and electrically connected to the first connector. The steering module further comprises: an external gear secured to the steering shaft; an internal gear connected to the steering wheel, the internal gear being arranged to surround the external gear; and an intermediate gear rotatably supported by the member attached to the car body portion, the intermediate gear being located between and engaged with the external gear and the internal gear. In the steering module, the first connector is located at an inside of the internal gear.