Abstract: There is provided a two-dimensional position control method which carries out two-dimensional position control fast at a minimum wobbling frequency. The method includes a step of oscillating at least either a space propagation energy distributed in a substantially limited range on a predetermined two-dimensional plane or energy input system to which the energy is input such that a locus of a relative movement thereof forms an ellipse on the two-dimensional plane, a step of detecting energies at least two pairs of points on the elliptic locus on both sides of the center of the ellipse, and a step of calculating differences between the detected energies at the respective pairs of points, thereby detecting a displacement between the energy and the energy input system on the two-dimensional plane.

Abstract: An optical fiber includes an entrance face that is optically coupleable with a device for transmitting a light beam through the optical fiber. The entrance face includes a core region and a cladding region surrounding the core region. The cladding region is at least partially covered with a coating, which is made of metal, for example. That is, the coating is formed over a whole area of the cladding region or the coating is formed on an area of the cladding region defined in a vicinity of the core region. The coating has a mirror surface to increase the reflectivity thereof and enhances the reflectivity of the entrance face.

Abstract: There is provided a reactor building of steel concrete construction, which comprises a steel concrete containment vessel constructed on the center of a footing slab and also composed of a pair of relatively confronting steel plates and concrete placed in a space between the steel plates. The reactor building is constructed on the outer circumference of the same footing slab and is also composed of a pair of relatively confronting steel plates and concrete placed in a space between the steel plates. The containment vessel is separated from partial slabs among a plurality of slabs of the reactor building placed around the containment vessel or all the slabs of the reactor building.

Abstract: An abnormality detector apparatus for an engine water-cooling apparatus has an electronic control unit (ECU) for precisely and quickly determining and detecting an operation abnormality of a thermostat or a water temperature sensor. After the engine is started, the ECU calculates, over time, an engine heat generation quantity, an estimated cooling water temperature or the like on the basis of various engine operating condition parameters, such as cooling water temperature, intake temperature, engine revolution speed, amount of intake air, and the like. After the elapse of a predetermined time, the ECU compares the estimated cooling water temperature and the cooling water temperature actually detected by the water temperature sensor. If the relationship therebetween meets a predetermined condition, the ECU determines whether there is an abnormality in the operating condition of the thermostat and/or the cooling water temperature sensor.

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting misfires in an internal combustion engine that is mounted on a vehicle. A plurality of cylinders is defined in the engine, and a piston accommodated in each cylinder to reciprocate in the cylinder. A crankshaft is connected with the piston, the crankshaft is rotated by the reciprocal movement of the piston. An engine speed sensor is provided for detecting the rotating speed of the crankshaft. An electronic control unit (ECU) computes the deviation of rotating speed of the crankshaft corresponding to each cylinder based on the detected engine speed, and the deviation is proportional to the engine load. The ECU costs a leaning value based on the computed deviation, wherein the learning value is used for detecting the misfires in the engine. A memory is provided for storing the learning value. Several sensors are provided for detecting a running condition of the engine, wherein the condition is included the engine load.

Abstract: In the present invention, the fuel injection amount of the engine is determined by an air-fuel ratio feedback correction factor FAF and a feedback learning correction factor KG and a fuel vapor learning correction factor FGPG. When the fuel vapor is supplied to the engine, the value of FGPG is adjusted so that the center value of the fluctuation of FAF agrees with 1.0 while the value of KG is held at the value before the fuel vapor supply started. On the other hand, when the fuel vapor is not supplied to the engine, the value of KG is adjusted so that the center value of the fluctuation of FAF agrees with 1.0 while the value of FGPG is set at 0. Therefore, the value (FAF+KG) indicates whether a failure has occurred in the fuel supply system regardless of the fuel vapor supply to the engine. Further, if the value (FAF+KG) becomes larger than or smaller than a predetermined range when the fuel vapor is supplied to the engine, i.e.

Abstract: A system, capable of determining an engine abnormality, is disclosed. The engine includes a first regulator for controlling air fuel ratio and a second regulator for controlling the purging amount of fuel vapor into an air-intake passage from a fuel tank. The variance in the purging amount effects the air fuel ratio. An engine control unit computes a parameter value used to control the air fuel ratio based on a signal from a detector which detects the operational condition of the engine, and controls the first regulator with the computed parameter value to allow the operational condition of the engine to approach a requested condition. A determining apparatus determines that an abnormality has occurred in the engine when the parameter value computed by the control unit continuously deviates from a predetermined numerical range for a predetermined period of time.

Abstract: An anti-lock control device of a hydraulic brake system which enables a rapid building up of braking hydraulic pressure during normal braking but, once an anti-lock control is commenced, reduces the rise of the recovery of the braking hydraulic pressure so as to optimize the same for anti-lock control. The hydraulic braking system having a pneumatic pressure source, a brake valve, converting device for receiving the pneumatic pressure supplied from the pneumatic pressure source through the brake valve and converting the received pneumatic pressure into braking hydraulic pressure, wheel cylinders for receiving the braking hydraulic pressure, and pneumatic pressure control valves for controlling the pneumatic pressure in a pneumatic pressure chamber of the converting means so as to control the braking hydraulic pressure.

Abstract: Disclosed is an anti-lock control apparatus for an air over hydraulic brake system having a first air pressure line leading from a brake valve to an air master cylinder as well as a second air pressure line branching from the first air pressure line and leading to a modulator. The second air pressure line is provided with an exhaust-side check value for exhausting air from a pneumatic chamber of the modulator and an air-supply side check valve for supplying air to the pneumatic chamber. The pneumatic chamber of the modulator and the second air pressure line are adapted to hold residual pressure, thereby increasing the rising gate of the braking hydraulic pressure during braking and the falling rate of the braking hydraulic pressure during release of braking, and reducing the amount of air consumed.

Abstract: A double piping type hydraulic pressure control device in which hydraulic pressure control of a hydraulic pressure channel A is transmitted to another channel B in such a manner that the hydraulic pressure to be exerted on a balance piston for hydraulic pressure control is obtained solely from the hydraulic pressures of the two output chambers while two input hydraulic pressures are arranged to have nothing to do with the control action.

Abstract: A disc brake of a type incorporating therein a hydraulic pressure generator, the disc brake having a pair of friction pads disposed on both sides of a disc to be braked to confront each other across the disc; a guide shaft; and a caliper which is provided with a thrusting piston incorporated therein for pushing one of the friction pads against the disc with hydraulic pressure and is arranged to push the other friction pad against the disc as said caliper is moved on the guide shaft by a reaction to the thrusting action. The hydraulic pressure generator is disposed within the guide shaft and is provided with a cylinder which is formed within the guide shaft, a hydraulic pressure generating piston which slidably engages the cylinder and a hydraulic pressure generating chamber. The hydraulic pressure generating chamber communicates, through a passage means, with a hydraulic operation chamber which exerts hydraulic pressure on the thrusting piston.