Abstract: A brake lining includes friction structures, back boards fastened to respective the friction structures, a base plate supporting the friction structures. Each of the friction structures includes two adjacent friction portions with a groove formed in the front surface in between, and a thin portion with a smaller thickness than thicknesses of the friction portions, the thin portion located in a position corresponding to the groove. Each of the friction structures is supported by the base plate on two support points located in the two friction portions respectively. The thin portion has a constant length, the length being equal to a maximum width of the friction portions and satisfying a condition that L/D is equal to or greater than 1.1, where D denotes the length of the thin portion and L denotes a distance between the two support points located in the friction portions.

Abstract: This sensor state determination system is a sensor state monitoring system capable of accurately determining whether or not a detecting sensor used with a railroad vehicle is in an abnormal state. This system includes: a detecting sensor capable of detecting a physical value acting upon the railroad vehicle; and an electronic control device. A monitoring sensor equivalent to the detection sensor is installed at a position equivalent to the position of the detection sensor. The electronic control device is provided with a determination means (coherence calculation section, state determination section) that computes, based on a first signal detected by the detecting sensor and a second signal detected by the monitoring sensor, a coherence value indicating a correlation between the signals. The electronic control device determines that the detecting sensor is in an abnormal state if the coherence value is smaller than a preset abnormality determination value.

Abstract: This sensor state determination system is a sensor state monitoring system capable of accurately determining whether or not a detecting sensor used with a railroad vehicle is in an abnormal state. This system includes: a detecting sensor capable of detecting a physical value acting upon the railroad vehicle; and an electronic control device. A monitoring sensor equivalent to the detection sensor is installed at a position equivalent to the position of the detection sensor. The electronic control device is provided with a determination means (coherence calculation section, state determination section) that computes, based on a first signal detected by the detecting sensor and a second signal detected by the monitoring sensor, a coherence value indicating a correlation between the signals. The electronic control device determines that the detecting sensor is in an abnormal state if the coherence value is smaller than a preset abnormality determination value.