Abstract: A liquid crystal composition exhibiting a blue phase, which enables higher contrast, and a liquid crystal display device including the liquid crystal composition. The liquid crystal composition contains a chiral agent and liquid crystal containing a compound having three electron-withdrawing groups as end groups of a structure where a plurality of rings including at least one aromatic ring is linked to each other directly or with a linking group laid therebetween. At least one of the three electron-withdrawing groups includes a trifluoromethyl group. The peak of the diffracted wavelength on the longest wavelength side in the reflectance spectrum of the liquid crystal composition is less than or equal to 450 nm, preferably less than or equal to 420 nm. Furthermore, a liquid crystal display device can be provided with the use of the liquid crystal composition.

Abstract: A liquid crystal composition including a dioxolane compound represented by the general formula (G1) as a chiral agent is provided. In the general formula (G1), R1 and R2 individually represent any of hydrogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, and an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms and having a phenyl group as a substituent; R1 and R2 may be bonded to each other to form a ring; R3 and R4 individually represent any of hydrogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and a cycloalkyl group; and R5 to R40 individually represent any of hydrogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms.

Abstract: An expression vector capable of expressing a foreign gene in Pseudonocardia autotrophica; a transformant of Pseudonocardia autotrophica produced by using the expression vector; a method for producing a protein by using the transformant; a method for producing an active form of vitamin D3 from vitamin D3, which comprises highly expressing a gene encoding an enzyme involved in the synthesis of the active form of vitamin D3 in a transformant by using the expression vector or the transformant; a method for producing 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 from vitamin D2; and a method for producing pravastatin from compactin, which comprises highly expressing a compactin hydroxylase gene in a transformant by using the expression vector or the transformant.

Abstract: An atomic oscillator includes a gas cell into which a metal atom and a buffer gas are sealed, a light source that emits light for exciting the metal atom in the gas cell, and a light detection unit (light reception unit) that detects the light which has been transmitted through the gas cell, in which the buffer gas includes neon (Ne) and argon (Ar), and a pressure ratio of Ar to the total of Ne and Ar is greater than 0 and less than 0.5.

Abstract: An atomic oscillator includes a gas cell having an internal space in which alkali metal atoms are entrapped, and a light output part that outputs excitation light containing a pair of resonance lights in resonance with the alkali metal atoms toward the internal space. Further, a width of the internal space along a direction perpendicular to an axis of the excitation light is W1, a width of the excitation light along the same direction in the internal space is W2, and a relation of 40%?W2/W1?95% is satisfied.

Abstract: A dibenzoxepin derivative represented by the following general formula (I) wherein Y is a hydrogen atom and the like, RA is a hydrogen atom and the like, X is the formula (b3) wherein RB is a hydrogen atom and the like, and the like, A is the formula (a18) wherein R1 is a hydrogen atom and the like, and RC and RD are the same or different and each is a hydrogen atom and the like, and the like, which has a PPAR? agonist activity and the like, and useful as a therapeutic agent and/or prophylaxis agent and the like for type 2 diabetes and the like, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and the like is provided.

Abstract: An oscillating device includes an atomic oscillator, an oven controlled crystal oscillator, a correcting unit configured to correct an output signal of the oven controlled crystal oscillator on the basis of an output signal of the atomic oscillator, a housing configured to house the atomic oscillator and the oven controlled crystal oscillator, and a temperature adjusting unit configured to adjust the temperature in the housing to a predetermined temperature.

Abstract: In a liquid crystal display device in which a liquid crystal layer exhibiting a blue phase is sandwiched between a first substrate and a second substrate, a pixel electrode layer is electrically connected to a drain electrode layer of a transistor and a common electrode layer is electrically connected to a conductive layer formed through the same steps as the drain electrode layer. The pixel electrode layer and the common electrode layer are over an interlayer film and spaced apart from each other. An opening formed in the interlayer film is filled with liquid crystal, and the liquid crystal layer is formed.

Abstract: In the liquid crystal display device where a liquid crystal layer exhibiting a blue phase is interposed between a first substrate and a second substrate, a pixel electrode layer (first electrode layer) and a common electrode layer (second electrode layer) provided between the first substrate and the liquid crystal layer are positioned not to overlap with each other. The pixel electrode layer is formed to cover top and side surfaces of a rib-shaped first structure body which projects into the liquid crystal layer from a surface of the first substrate on the liquid crystal layer side. The common electrode layer is formed to cover top and side surfaces of a rib-shaped second structure body which projects into the liquid crystal layer from the surface of the first substrate on the liquid crystal layer side.

Abstract: A novel liquid crystal composition that can be used for a variety of liquid crystal devices is provided. A stable liquid crystal element that is driven at low voltage and that withstands physical impact is provided with the use of the novel liquid crystal composition. A highly reliable liquid crystal display device with low power consumption and high display quality is provided with the use of the liquid crystal element. The liquid crystal composition exhibits a blue phase and contains nematic liquid crystal, 1,4:3,6-dianhydro-2,5-bis[4-(n-hexyl-1-oxy)benzoic acid]sorbitol (abbreviation: ISO-(6OBA)2) represented by the structural formula (100) as a first chiral agent, and (4R,5R)-4,5-bis[hydroxy-di(phenanthren-9-yl)methyl]-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane (abbreviation: R-DOL-Pn) represented by the structural formula (101) as a second chiral agent.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device using a liquid crystal exhibiting a blue phase and having a novel structure, and a method for manufacturing the liquid crystal display device. A plurality of structure bodies (also referred to as ribs, protrusions, or projecting portions) are formed over the same substrate, and a pixel electrode and an electrode (a common electrode at a fixed potential) corresponding to the pixel electrode are formed thereover. An electric field is applied to the liquid crystal layer exhibiting a blue phase by using the pixel electrode that has an inclination and the electrode corresponding to the pixel electrode, which also has an inclination. A shorter distance between the adjacent structure bodies allows a strong electric field to be applied to the liquid crystal layer, which results in a reduction in power consumption for driving the liquid crystal.

Abstract: A dibenzoxepin derivative represented by the following general formula (I) wherein Y is a hydrogen atom and the like, RA is a hydrogen atom and the like, X is the formula (b3) wherein RB is a hydrogen atom and the like, and the like, A is the formula (a18) wherein R1 is a hydrogen atom and the like, and RC and RD are the same or different and each is a hydrogen atom and the like, and the like, which has a PPAR? agonist activity and the like, and useful as a therapeutic agent and/or prophylaxis agent and the like for type 2 diabetes and the like, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and the like is provided.

Abstract: A liquid crystal composition including a dioxolane compound represented by the general formula (G1) as a chiral agent is provided. In the general formula (G1), R1 and R2 individually represent any of hydrogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, and an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms and having a phenyl group as a substituent; R1 and R2 may be bonded to each other to form a ring; R3 and R4 individually represent any of hydrogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and a cycloalkyl group; and R5 to R40 individually represent any of hydrogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device using a liquid crystal material exhibiting a blue phase is provided to achieve higher contrast. Further, the power consumption of the liquid crystal display device using a liquid crystal exhibiting a blue phase is reduced. In a liquid crystal display device including: a first substrate provided with a pixel electrode layer (also referred to as a first electrode layer); and a second substrate provided with a common electrode layer (also referred to as a second electrode layer), between which a liquid crystal layer exhibiting a blue phase is interposed, the pixel electrode layer and the common electrode layer project into the liquid crystal layer and are arranged so that the adjacent pixel electrode layer and common electrode layer engage with each other at a distance with the liquid crystal layer interposed therebetween.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device using a liquid crystal exhibiting a blue phase and having a novel structure, and a method for manufacturing the liquid crystal display device. A plurality of structure bodies (also referred to as ribs, protrusions, or projecting portions) are formed over the same substrate, and a pixel electrode and an electrode (a common electrode at a fixed potential) corresponding to the pixel electrode are formed thereover. An electric field is applied to the liquid crystal layer exhibiting a blue phase by using the pixel electrode that has an inclination and the electrode corresponding to the pixel electrode, which also has an inclination. A shorter distance between the adjacent structure bodies allows a strong electric field to be applied to the liquid crystal layer, which results in a reduction in power consumption for driving the liquid crystal.

Abstract: A liquid crystal composition including a dioxolane compound represented by the general formula (G1) as a chiral agent is provided. In the general formula (G1), R1 and R2 individually represent any of hydrogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, and an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms and having a phenyl group as a substituent; R1 and R2 may be bonded to each other to form a ring; R3 and R4 individually represent any of hydrogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and a cycloalkyl group; and R5 to R40 individually represent any of hydrogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A novel liquid crystalline compound and/or a liquid crystal composition including the novel liquid crystalline compound that can be used for a variety of liquid crystal devices capable of exhibiting a blue phase with a wide temperature range are/is provided. A liquid crystalline compound represented by the general formula (G1) is provided.

Abstract: An oscillating device includes an atomic oscillator, an oven controlled crystal oscillator, a correcting unit configured to correct an output signal of the oven controlled crystal oscillator on the basis of an output signal of the atomic oscillator, a housing configured to house the atomic oscillator and the oven controlled crystal oscillator, and a temperature adjusting unit configured to adjust the temperature in the housing to a predetermined temperature.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of activating PPAR ? and a method of treating or preventing a disease associated with PPAR ? by administering a tricyclic compound having a PPAR ? agonist activity, which is represented by the formula (I) wherein Z represents a single bond or the like, Y represents a hydrogen atom, lower alkyl optionally having substituent(s) or the like, X represents a hydrogen atom or the like, A represents aryl or the like, B and C are the same or different and each represents an aromatic carbocycle or the like, R4-R9 are the same or different and each represents hydrogen or the like, V represents a single bond or the like, R10 and R11 are the same or different and each represents hydrogen or the like, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or the like:

Abstract: Provided is a tricyclic compound having a PPAR ? agonist activity, which is represented by the general formula (I) wherein Z represents a single bond or the like, Y represents a hydrogen atom, lower alkyl optionally having substituent(s) or the like, X represents a hydrogen atom or the like, A represents aryl or the like, B and C are the same or different and each represents an aromatic carbocycle or the like, R4-R9 are the same or different and each represents hydrogen or the like, V represents a single bond or the like, R10 and R11 are the same or different and each represents hydrogen or the like, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or the like: