Abstract: Optical transmission system transmits WDM signal from first node to second node via optical fiber. The optical transmission system includes: first OCM that detects optical power of each wavelength channel of the WDM signal in the first node; second OCM that detects optical power of each wavelength channel of the WDM signal in the second node; first processor that calculates linear SNR of each wavelength channel based on the optical power of each wavelength channel detected by the second OCM; second processor that calculates non-linear SNR of each wavelength channel based on the optical power of each wavelength channel detected by the first OCM; third processor that calculates GSNR for each wavelength channel using the linear SNR and the non-linear SNR; and fourth processor that controls transmission power of each wavelength channel of the WDM signal based on the GSNR of each wavelength channel.

Abstract: A forward Raman amplifier includes a plurality of pumping light sources with different wavelengths and the forward Raman amplifier, according to a fiber type or a zero-dispersion wavelength of the fiber, changes the number of pumping light sources to be emitted, changes a power ratio between the plurality of pumping light sources with the different wavelengths or changes wavelength characteristics of a gain, according to a fiber type.

Abstract: A wavelength conversion device includes: a first wavelength conversion circuit that wavelength-converts, by passing first multiplex light obtained by multiplexing an optical signal of a first wavelength band from each transmitter through an inside of a wavelength conversion medium by using excitation light, the first multiplex light into second multiplex light in a second wavelength band different from the first wavelength band; and a first generation circuit that generates a first control signal that controls each transmitter to shift a signal wavelength of each optical signal in the first multiplex light before wavelength conversion according to a subsequent part to which the second multiplex light after wavelength conversion in the first wavelength conversion circuit is input, and transmits the first control signal to each transmitter.

Abstract: Heat-expandable microspheres which have a blowing agent encapsulated efficiently therein so as to prevent the blowing agent from escaping out of the microspheres during storage at high temperature, a process for producing the same, and applications thereof.

Abstract: A transmission device including a demultiplexer configured to demultiplex a multiplexed light obtained by multiplexing the plurality of wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) optical signals including different wavelength bands into the plurality of WDM optical signals, a plurality of optical amplifiers configured to amplify the plurality of WDM optical signals, respectively, a wavelength converter configured to convert a first wavelength band of the wavelength bands of at least a first WDM optical signal of the plurality of WDM optical signals amplified by the plurality of optical amplifiers into a second wavelength band of the wavelength bands of a second WDM optical signal of the plurality of WDM optical signals so that the second wavelength band does not overlap among the wavelength bands, and a multiplexer configured to multiplex the plurality of WDM optical signals which include the wavelength bands converted by the wavelength converter.

Abstract: Optical transmission system transmits WDM signal from first node to second node via optical fiber. The optical transmission system includes: OCM that detects optical power of each wavelength channel in second node; processor that controls optical power of each wavelength channel based on detection by OCM in first node; optical circuit that adjusts optical power of each wavelength channel based on control signal from the processor in first node; and second processor that decides whether the optical powers of wavelength channels have converged to target level based on detection by OCM. When the optical powers of wavelength channels have not converged to the target level, the processor controls the optical circuit using the control signal in first cycle. When the optical powers of wavelength channels have converged to the target level, the processor controls the optical circuit using the control signal in second cycle longer than first cycle.

Abstract: Optical transmission system transmits WDM signal from first node to second node via optical fiber. The optical transmission system includes: first OCM that detects optical power of each wavelength channel of the WDM signal in the first node; second OCM that detects optical power of each wavelength channel of the WDM signal in the second node; first processor that calculates linear SNR of each wavelength channel based on the optical power of each wavelength channel detected by the second OCM; second processor that calculates non-linear SNR of each wavelength channel based on the optical power of each wavelength channel detected by the first OCM; third processor that calculates GSNR for each wavelength channel using the linear SNR and the non-linear SNR; and fourth processor that controls transmission power of each wavelength channel of the WDM signal based on the GSNR of each wavelength channel.

Abstract: A wavelength conversion device includes: a first wavelength conversion circuit that wavelength-converts, by passing first multiplex light obtained by multiplexing an optical signal of a first wavelength band from each transmitter through an inside of a wavelength conversion medium by using excitation light, the first multiplex light into second multiplex light in a second wavelength band different from the first wavelength band; and a first generation circuit that generates a first control signal that controls each transmitter to shift a signal wavelength of each optical signal in the first multiplex light before wavelength conversion according to a subsequent part to which the second multiplex light after wavelength conversion in the first wavelength conversion circuit is input, and transmits the first control signal to each transmitter.

Abstract: A transmission device including a demultiplexer configured to demultiplex a multiplexed light obtained by multiplexing the plurality of wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) optical signals including different wavelength bands into the plurality of WDM optical signals, a plurality of optical amplifiers configured to amplify the plurality of WDM optical signals, respectively, a wavelength converter configured to convert a first wavelength band of the wavelength bands of at least a first WDM optical signal of the plurality of WDM optical signals amplified by the plurality of optical amplifiers into a second wavelength band of the wavelength bands of a second WDM optical signal of the plurality of WDM optical signals so that the second wavelength band does not overlap among the wavelength bands, and a multiplexer configured to multiplex the plurality of WDM optical signals which include the wavelength bands converted by the wavelength converter.

Abstract: A device includes a first excitation light source that emits first excitation light, a second excitation light source that emits second excitation light, a wavelength converter that converts signal light of a first wavelength into signal light of a second wavelength according to the first excitation light, and a measurer that measures a frequency difference between the first excitation light and the second excitation light, wherein when an abnormality of the first excitation light is detected, the second excitation light source is adjusted so that a frequency of the second excitation light is aligned with a frequency of the first excitation light before the abnormality detection, based on the frequency difference before the abnormality detection, and the wavelength converter converts the signal light of the first wavelength into the signal light of the second wavelength according to the second excitation light, after adjusting the frequency of the second excitation light.

Abstract: A method includes multiplexing signal light of first polarization and excitation light, and multiplexing signal light of second polarization, which is perpendicular to the first polarization, and the excitation light, modulating the signal light of the first polarization before the wavelength conversion, and reducing a modulation component in signal light after wavelength conversion, modulating the signal light of the second polarization before the wavelength conversion, and reducing the modulation component in the signal light after the wavelength conversion, and multiplexing the signal light of the first polarization after the wavelength conversion and the signal light of the second polarization after the wavelength conversion.

Abstract: A wavelength converter includes an input port, an optical fiber configured to cause a signal light and an excitation light to interact with each other due to a nonlinear optical effect, the signal light and the excitation light being input to the input port, a stress application mechanism configured to apply stress in a direction crossing a winding direction of the optical fiber, and an output port configured to output a converted light having a wavelength different from wavelengths of the signal light and the excitation light.

Abstract: A drum-type washing machine includes an outer tub disposed inside a machine housing a drum disposed in the outer tub and capable of rotating about an axis inclined with respect to a horizontal direction as a center; a rotating body disposed in the drum and having a protruding portion on the surface; a driving portion including a driving motor and is configured to transmit a torque of the driving motor to the drum and the rotor so as to rotate the drum and the rotating body at different rotation speeds; and a controlling portion for controlling an operation of the driving portion. The controlling portion is configured to perform a reduction control for reducing a load when a magnitude of the load applied to the rotating body exceeds a predetermined magnitude in a washing process and/or a rinsing process.

Abstract: A method includes multiplexing signal light of first polarization and excitation light, and multiplexing signal light of second polarization, which is perpendicular to the first polarization, and the excitation light, modulating the signal light of the first polarization before the wavelength conversion, and reducing a modulation component in signal light after wavelength conversion, modulating the signal light of the second polarization before the wavelength conversion, and reducing the modulation component in the signal light after the wavelength conversion, and multiplexing the signal light of the first polarization after the wavelength conversion and the signal light of the second polarization after the wavelength conversion.

Abstract: A device includes a first excitation light source that emits first excitation light, a second excitation light source that emits second excitation light, a wavelength converter that converts signal light of a first wavelength into signal light of a second wavelength according to the first excitation light, and a measurer that measures a frequency difference between the first excitation light and the second excitation light, wherein when an abnormality of the first excitation light is detected, the second excitation light source is adjusted so that a frequency of the second excitation light is aligned with a frequency of the first excitation light before the abnormality detection, based on the frequency difference before the abnormality detection, and the wavelength converter converts the signal light of the first wavelength into the signal light of the second wavelength according to the second excitation light, after adjusting the frequency of the second excitation light.

Abstract: An optical transmission apparatus includes a splitter configured to split a first wavelength division multiplexed optical signal arranged in a first wavelength band and a second wavelength division multiplexed optical signal arranged in a second wavelength band, respectively, from an optical signal including the first wavelength division multiplexed optical signal and the second wavelength division multiplexed optical signal, a wavelength converter configured to convert a wavelength of the split second wavelength division multiplexed optical signal to generate a third wavelength division multiplexed optical signal to be arranged in the first wavelength band, an optical monitor configured to monitor power of each wavelength channel of the third wavelength division multiplexed optical signal, and a transmitter configured to transmit a monitoring result by the optical monitor to a transmission source node of the optical signal or a relay node of the optical signal.

Abstract: A transmitter transmitting a polarization multiplexed optical signal, includes: a light source; a generating unit configured to split a light of the light source into first and second polarized lights, optically modulate the first and second polarized lights based on an electric data signal, and multiplex the first polarized light optically-modulated and the second polarized light optically-modulated to generate the polarization multiplexed optical signal; and a coupling unit configured to couple a first reference light having a frequency different from a frequency of the light of the light source with the first polarized light and couple a second reference light having a frequency different from the frequency of the light of the light source with the second polarized light, wherein the first reference light and the second reference light have different frequencies.

Abstract: Disclosed is disclosure clothing treatment device capable of effectively preventing odour from reabsorbing to clothing. A clothing deodorizing device includes: a bag body for accommodating clothing; an ozone supply apparatus including an ozone generator and a blowing fan wherein the air supply fan operates to deliver the ozone generated by the ozone generator into the bag body by virtue of the flow of the air; and a control part for controlling operation of the ozone generator and the blowing fan. After performing deodorization operation that enables the ozone generator and the blowing fan to operate, the control part performs reabsorption preventing operation that enables the blowing fan to operate intermittently.

Abstract: An optical transmission apparatus includes a splitter configured to split a first wavelength division multiplexed optical signal arranged in a first wavelength band and a second wavelength division multiplexed optical signal arranged in a second wavelength band, respectively, from an optical signal including the first wavelength division multiplexed optical signal and the second wavelength division multiplexed optical signal, a wavelength converter configured to convert a wavelength of the split second wavelength division multiplexed optical signal to generate a third wavelength division multiplexed optical signal to be arranged in the first wavelength band, an optical monitor configured to monitor power of each wavelength channel of the third wavelength division multiplexed optical signal, and a transmitter configured to transmit a monitoring result by the optical monitor to a transmission source node of the optical signal or a relay node of the optical signal.

Abstract: An optical transmitter includes, an optical modulator that multilevel-modulates light outputted from a light source, and a processor that outputs a first drive voltage for driving the optical modulator according to an amplitude component when transmission data is symbol-mapped and a second drive voltage for driving the optical modulator according to a phase component when the transmission data is symbol-mapped. A phase shift of phase modulation by the second drive voltage outputted from the processor is greater than 0 and less than ?/2.