Abstract: A cleaning device of the disclosure includes a housing, a cleaning member, a cleaning blade, a seal member, a discharge screw, and a first film member as well as a second film member. In the housing, a waste toner containing part is formed. The discharge screw is placed in the waste toner containing part. The first film member and the second film member are reciprocatively moved in a radial direction of the rotating shaft. The first film member is so positioned as to be inclined constantly downward as it becomes farther and farther from the seal member. A second end portion of the second film member is placed between the discharge screw and the seal member.

Abstract: A cleaning device of the disclosure includes a housing, a cleaning member, a cleaning blade, a seal member, a discharge screw, and a first film member as well as a second film member. In the housing, a waste toner containing part is formed. The discharge screw is placed in the waste toner containing part. The first film member and the second film member are reciprocatively moved in a radial direction of the rotating shaft. The first film member is so positioned as to be inclined constantly downward as it becomes farther and farther from the seal member. A second end portion of the second film member is placed between the discharge screw and the seal member.

Abstract: An application voltage to a conveyance auxiliary roller is controlled to have a polarity opposite to a charged polarity of toner before a front end of a sheet makes contact with the conveyance auxiliary roller, and the application voltage to the conveyance auxiliary roller is switched to a ground voltage before a rear end of the sheet is separated from the conveyance auxiliary roller after being separated from a conveying belt.

Abstract: An application voltage to a conveyance auxiliary roller is controlled to have a polarity opposite to a charged polarity of toner before a front end of a sheet makes contact with the conveyance auxiliary roller, and the application voltage to the conveyance auxiliary roller is switched to a ground voltage before a rear end of the sheet is separated from the conveyance auxiliary roller after being separated from a conveying belt.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image bearing member, a transfer section, a transfer bias applying section, a conveyance section, an element, a current measurement section, and a control section. The transfer section forms, in conjunction with the image bearing member, a pressing part where a recording medium is pressed. The transfer bias applying section supplies transfer current to the transfer section to apply a transfer bias to the transfer section. The element conducts when a voltage equal to or greater than a prescribed value is applied thereto. The current measurement section measures a value of leak current. The leak current is a current flowing through the element. The control section controls a value of the transfer current. The control section changes the absolute value of the transfer current based on the absolute value of the leak current.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image bearing member, a transfer section, a transfer bias applying section, a conveyance section, an element, a current measurement section, and a control section. The transfer section forms, in conjunction with the image bearing member, a pressing part where a recording medium is pressed. The transfer bias applying section supplies transfer current to the transfer section to apply a transfer bias to the transfer section. The element conducts when a voltage equal to or greater than a prescribed value is applied thereto. The current measurement section measures a value of leak current. The leak current is a current flowing through the element. The control section controls a value of the transfer current. The control section changes the absolute value of the transfer current based on the absolute value of the leak current.

Abstract: To efficiently select and proliferate the mesenchymal stem cells without necessity of an exclusive separating device and a complicated separating operation, mesenchymal stem cells are cultured by seeding at least one of a bone marrow solution, an umbilical cord blood, a peripheral blood, a synovial membrane and an amniotic membrane in a liquid culture medium which is filled in a vessel, includes water as its main components and having a specific gravity between 1.06 and 1.10 at 37° C., and making a culture at a temperature 37±2° C. on a ceiling side surface of the vessel, preferably the specific gravity being regulated by use of at least one selected from silica fine powder coated by polyvinyl pyrrolidone, a water soluble copolymer of sucrose and epichlorohydrin, and a water soluble compound including a triiodo aromatic ring.

Abstract: To efficiently select and proliferate the mesenchymal stem cells without necessity of an exclusive separating device and a complicated separating operation, mesenchymal stem cells are cultured by seeding at least one of a bone marrow solution, an umbilical cord blood, a peripheral blood, a synovial membrane and an amniotic membrane in a liquid culture medium which is filled in a vessel, includes water as its main components and having a specific gravity between 1.06 and 1.10 g/ml at 37° C., and making a culture at a temperature 37±2° C. on a ceiling side surface of the vessel, preferably the specific gravity being regulated by use of at least one selected from silica fine powder coated by polyvinyl pyrrolidone, a water soluble copolymer of sucrose and epichlorohydrin, and a water soluble compound including a triiodo aromatic ring.