Abstract: Provided is a method for producing a toner particle including a step of condensing a raw slurry by using a decanter-type centrifugal separator, in an aqueous medium. The step of condensing the raw slurry is carried out under following conditions: a centrifugal force is at least 500 G and less than 4000 G and a temperature is at least Tg?10° C. and not more than Tg+10° C. And a ratio of a colored particles in condensed slurry is within a prescribed range.

Abstract: Provided is a toner having a toner particle that contains a binder resin, a colorant, a wax, and a crystalline polyester, wherein two or more peak tops for crystallization peaks are present in a temperature range from 40° C. to 80° C. in a first DSC curve obtained by a process or cooling the toner from 100° C. to 20° C. at 0.5° C./min, and using ?H(0.5) for the exothermic quantity for the peak on the lowest temperature side of these crystallization peaks and using ?H(100) for the exothermic quantity of the crystallization peak on the lowest temperature side in a second DSC curve obtained by a process of cooling the toner from 100° C. to 20° C. at 100° C./min, the ratio [?H(100)/?H(0.5)] is at least 2.0 and not more than 6.0.

Abstract: A toner comprises toner particles, each of which contains a binder resin, a colorant, a wax and a crystalline polyester. The melting point P(t) of the crystalline polyester is at least 65.0° C. and not more than 80.0° C., and regarding a storage elastic modulus G? obtained in dynamic viscoelasticity measurement of the toner, where G? at 50° C. is denoted by G?(50), G? at 80° C. is denoted by G?(80), G? at 120° C. is denoted by G?(120), and G? at the melting point P(t) of the crystalline polyester is denoted by G?(t), the following formulas are satisfied: 4.2×108 Pa?G?(50), 3.0×102?G?(50)/G?(80), and G?(t)/G?(120)?7.0×102.

Abstract: A toner comprising toner particles, each of which contains a binder resin and a colorant, wherein an onset temperature Te (° C.) of a storage elastic modulus E? obtained in a powder dynamic viscoelastic measurement on the toner is at least 50° C. and not more than 70° C., and a value at Te (° C.) of a storage elastic modulus G? obtained in a pellet dynamic viscoelastic measurement on the toner is at least 4.0×107 Pa and not more than 1.0×1010 Pa.

Abstract: Provided is a method for producing a toner, the method including a treatment process of treating a coloring particle including a binder resin, a colorant, a crystalline polyester, and a wax in an aqueous medium, wherein, the peak temperature of a crystallization peak (Pp) in the crystalline polyester is denoted by Tp (° C.) and the peak temperature of a crystallization peak (Pw) in the wax is denoted by Tw (° C.), the Tp and Tw satisfy a specific relationship, and the treatment process has a specific cooling step.

Abstract: A method for producing a toner containing a toner particle containing a binder resin, a colorant and a crystalline substance, wherein the method includes the steps of: (I) setting a temperature of a dispersion, in which a coloring particle is dispersed with an aqueous medium, to TA(° C.), which is higher than the higher of a crystallization temperature Tc(° C.) of the crystalline substance and a glass transition temperature Tg(° C.) of the coloring particle, the coloring particle containing the binder resin, the colorant and the crystalline substance; (II) cooling the dispersion from the TA to a temperature equal to or lower than the Tg at a cooling rate of at least 5.0° C./min after the step (I); and (III) holding the dispersion in a temperature from Tg?10 to Tg+10 for at least 30 min after the step (II).

Abstract: Provided is a toner including toner particles, each of which contains a binder resin, a colorant, a releasing agent and a crystalline polyester, wherein in an observation of a cross-section each of the toner particles by transmission electron microscopy, specific toner particles each of which has domains of the crystalline polyester and domains of the releasing agent, are present at a ratio of at least 70% by number of the toner particles in the toner, an arithmetic mean of maximum diameters of the domains of the releasing agent is within prescribed range, and the specific toner particles satisfy prescribed conditions.

Abstract: A power conversion apparatus includes a power conversion circuit and a control unit. The power conversion circuit converts electric power supplied from a power supply and outputs the converted electric power. The control unit controls the power conversion circuit. The power conversion circuit has at least one phase that is configured as a parallel-connection phase in which two semiconductor elements are connected in parallel to each other in each of an upper arm connected to a high potential-side wiring of the power supply and a lower arm connected to a low potential-side wiring of the power supply. The control unit detects temperature information related to element temperatures of all of the plurality of semiconductor elements of a target arm that is either of the upper arm and the lower arm of the parallel-connection phase, and performs overheating protection control of the power conversion circuit based on the detected temperature information.

Abstract: Provided is a method for producing a toner particle including a step of condensing a raw slurry by using a decanter-type centrifugal separator, in an aqueous medium. The step of condensing the raw slurry is carried out under following conditions: a centrifugal force is at least 500 G and less than 4000 G and a temperature is at least Tg?10° C. and not more than Tg+10° C. And a ratio of a colored particles in condensed slurry is within a prescribed range.

Abstract: Provided is a method for producing a toner, the method including a treatment process of treating a coloring particle including a binder resin, a colorant, a crystalline polyester, and a wax in an aqueous medium, wherein, the peak temperature of a crystallization peak (Pp) in the crystalline polyester is denoted by Tp (° C.) and the peak temperature of a crystallization peak (Pw) in the wax is denoted by Tw (° C.), the Tp and Tw satisfy a specific relationship, and the treatment process has a specific cooling step.

Abstract: Provided is a toner having a toner particle that contains a binder resin, a colorant, a wax, and a crystalline polyester, wherein two or more peak tops for crystallization peaks are present in a temperature range from 40° C. to 80° C. in a first DSC curve obtained by a process or cooling the toner from 100° C. to 20° C. at 0.5° C./min, and using ?H(0.5) for the exothermic quantity for the peak on the lowest temperature side of these crystallization peaks and using ?H(100) for the exothermic quantity of the crystallization peak on the lowest temperature side in a second DSC curve obtained by a process of cooling the toner from 100° C. to 20° C. at 100° C./min, the ratio [?H(100)/?H(0.5)] is at least 2.0 and not more than 6.0.

Abstract: Provided is a toner containing a toner particle including a binder resin, a wax, and a colorant. The softening point of the toner is at least 80° C. and not more than 140° C. The average circularity of the toner is at least 0.940. The integrated value of stress in the toner at 150° C. which is measured by using a tackiness tester is at least 78 g·m/sec.

Abstract: Provided is a toner including a binder resin, a colorant, a crystalline polyester, and a release agent, wherein a cross-sectional image of the toner is observed using a scanning transmission electron microscope, domains of the crystalline polyester are present in the cross-sectional image of the toner, the domains have a number-average major diameter of at least 50 nm and not more than 300 nm, the number of the domains is at least 8 and not more than 500, and the domains are present at at least 60 number % and not more than 100 number % from an outline of the cross-sectional image to 25% of the distance between the outline and the centroid of the cross-sectional image.

Abstract: A toner comprising a binder resin, a crystalline material, and a colorant, wherein, in a cross section image of the toner, when R (?m) is a long axis of the toner, r (?m) is a long axis of a crystalline material domain, domain A is a domain satisfying formula (ii), and domain B is a domain satisfying formula (iii), the toner in which the domain A and the domain B are both present is at least 50 number %; an number average diameter RAvg of the long axis of the toner satisfies formula (i); and a number of domain B per toner cross section of one toner is 20 to 300. 4 ?m?RAvg?12 ?m??(i) 0.125?r/R?0.375??(ii) 0.000625?e r/R?0.

Abstract: A method for producing a toner containing a toner particle containing a binder resin, a colorant and a crystalline substance, wherein the method includes the steps of: (I) setting a temperature of a dispersion, in which a coloring particle is dispersed with an aqueous medium, to TA(° C.), which is higher than the higher of a crystallization temperature Tc(° C.) of the crystalline substance and a glass transition temperature Tg(° C.) of the coloring particle, the coloring particle containing the binder resin, the colorant and the crystalline substance; (II) cooling the dispersion from the TA to a temperature equal to or lower than the Tg at a cooling rate of at least 5.0° C./min after the step (I); and (III) holding the dispersion in a temperature from Tg?10 to Tg+10 for at least 30 min after the step (II).

Abstract: A magnetic toner is provided that exhibits an excellent dot reproducibility and developing performance after being allowed to stand in a high temperature and high humidity environment and an excellent low-temperature fixability. The magnetic toner has an inorganic fine powder and a magnetic toner particle containing a binder resin, a magnetic body, and a release agent, wherein in a stress relaxation measurement using a rotating plate rheometer, the magnetic toner exhibits a yield value A at 25° C. of at least 3×106 (sec), and the magnetic toner that has been heated to 80° C. and then cooled to 25° C. exhibits a yield value B at 25° C. of not more than 1×105 (sec).

Abstract: Provided is a toner having improved durability. The magnetic toner includes magnetic toner particles each containing a binder resin and a magnetic material, in which a deformation amount when a load of 9.8×10?4 N is applied to one particle of the magnetic toner in a microcompression test is 3.0 ?m or less, in which the magnetic toner has a surface free energy of 5 mJ/m2 or more and 20 mJ/m2 or less, and in which the magnetic toner has a melt viscosity ?? at 100° C. of 5.0×103 Pa·s or more and 1.0×105 Pa·s or less.

Abstract: An electric power converter includes a semiconductor module, a cooling pipe, a pressing member and a supporting member. A pair of supporting wall portions is disposed so as to sandwich the semiconductor module, the cooling pipe, and the pressing member in an overlapping direction. A semiconductor element includes a small-sized semiconductor element, and a large-sized semiconductor element of which an outer shape is larger than that of the small-sized semiconductor element when projected onto a plane parallel to the overlapping direction. Within the semiconductor module, the large-sized semiconductor element is disposed closer to a connecting end portion side where a connecting portion of the pair of supporting wall portions are disposed than the small-sized semiconductor elements is.

Abstract: The toner has a toner particle that contains a binder resin, a colorant, a release agent, and a crystalline polyester, wherein the release agent contains an ester wax, and the peak top temperature of the maximum endothermic peak of the ester wax as measured with a differential scanning calorimeter is from 65° C. to 85° C., the ester wax satisfies specific conditions and the crystalline polyester satisfies specific conditions, the toner contains from 3.0 parts by mass to 20.0 parts by mass of the crystalline polyester per 100 parts by mass of the binder resin, and the mass ratio of the ester wax to crystalline polyester is from 25/75 to 75/25.

Abstract: A toner has toner particles including a binder resin, a colorant, an ester wax and a hydrocarbon wax; and inorganic fine particles. The ester wax includes an ester compound having a structure represented by formula (1): R1—CO—O—(CH2)x—O—OC—R2; or formula (2): R3—O—OC—(CH2)x—CO—O—R4. The ester wax includes an ester compound having a highest abundance rate in an amount of 40% to 80% by mass with respect to a total amount of the ester wax in a composition distribution. The ester wax has, in differential scanning calorimetry, a peak top temperature of an endothermic peak of 65° C. to 80° C. In differential scanning calorimetry, the toner has only one endothermic peak derived from the waxes. A relationship: 3.0?(Tw?Tt)?8.0 is satisfied.