Abstract: The present embodiments provide: a reduction catalyst having high reaction efficiency, a reduction reactor including the same and a reduction method using the same. This catalyst includes a conductor and an organic layer comprises organic modifying groups capable of binding to the surface of the conductor, wherein the organic modifying groups contain a nitrogen-containing heterocycle.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a water treatment system includes a first chamber which accommodates water to be treated, a second chamber which accommodates a working medium which induces an osmotic pressure and an osmosis membrane which separates the first chamber and the second chamber from each other. The working medium is an aqueous solution which contains an acid having a hydroxy group in a side chain, or a metal salt thereof.

Abstract: The present embodiments provide: a reduction catalyst having high reaction efficiency, a reduction reactor including the same and a reduction method using the same. This catalyst includes a conductor and an organic layer comprises organic modifying groups capable of binding to the surface of the conductor, wherein the organic modifying groups contain a nitrogen-containing heterocycle.

Abstract: A rare earth adsorbent of an embodiment has a chelidonic acid monoamide group as a ligand, and contains a functional group represented by the following general formula (1): wherein: X is selected from hydrogen or an alkali metal; R1 is a bonding group with a simple polymer; and R2 is a functional group selected from hydrogen, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, and an aryl group, and may be substituted by nitrogen or oxygen or contain a functional group containing the atoms in a side chain.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a water treatment system includes a first chamber which accommodates water to be treated, a second chamber which accommodates a working medium which induces an osmotic pressure and an osmosis membrane which separates the first chamber and the second chamber from each other. The working medium is an aqueous solution which contains an acid having a hydroxy group in a side chain, or a metal salt thereof.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a water treatment method is a method configured to use a working medium that includes a draw solution and a water-containing solution to be treated. The draw solution is a hyperosmotic solution which generates an osmotic pressure difference with water. The method includes generating a flux of a mixture of water and a draw solution by an osmotic pressure difference generated between a solution to be treated and the draw solution in an osmotic pressure generator compartmentalized by an osmosis membrane, transferring the flux of the mixture to a vaporization-separation unit, separating the mixture into the water and the draw solution by a pressure difference, and recycling the draw solution separated by the vaporization-separation unit.

Abstract: A halogen oxyacid adsorbent of the present embodiment contains: a support material having a surface made of at least alumina; tetravalent cerium supported on the surface; and negative ions supported on the surface.

Abstract: A rare earth adsorbent of an embodiment has a chelidonic acid monoamide group as a ligand, and contains a functional group represented by the following general formula (1): wherein: X is selected from hydrogen or an alkali metal; R1 is a bonding group with a simple polymer; and R2 is a functional group selected from hydrogen, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, and an aryl group, and may be substituted by nitrogen or oxygen or contain a functional group containing the atoms in a side chain.

Abstract: A chelating agent of the embodiment is an amide compound in which a hydrogen atom of an —NH— site or an —NH2— site in an amine compound is substituted with a functional group derived from diglycolic acid. The amine compound is selected from the group consisting of a compound represented by a following general formula (1) and a polyethyleneimine having a molecular weight of 200 to 100,000. In the general formula (1), x, y and z respectively represent a number of repetitions for —CH2—CH2—NH—, x represents an integer of 1 to 10, y represents an integer of 0 to 5, and z represents an integer of 0 to 5.

Abstract: An iodine adsorbent of an embodiment has a support, a first organic group bonded to the support and has a functional group containing nitrogen at least at a terminal, and silver bonded to the nitrogen-containing functional group.

Abstract: An iodine adsorbent includes a carrier that is a compound containing silicon, an organic group bonded to the carrier, and silver. The organic group has, at the terminal, a functional group represented by S? or SR. The silver is bonded to sulfur in S? or SR. The R is a hydrogen atom or a substituent containing a hydrocarbon. Where the element ratio of sulfur in the adsorbent to silicon in the adsorbent is MS/MSi, MS/(MSi·A), a value obtained by dividing the element ratio by a specific surface area A (m2/g) of the carrier, is 2.4×10?4 g/m2?MS/(MSi·A)?2.7×10?4 g/m2.

Abstract: An iodine adsorbent of an embodiment includes a support, an organic group bonded to the support, silver, and chloride ions, bromide ions, or both of chloride ions and bromide ions. The organic group has, at the terminal, a functional group represented by S? or SR. The silver is bonded to S? or sulfur in SR. The R is a hydrogen atom or a substituent containing a hydrocarbon.

Abstract: An anion adsorbent of an embodiment includes a support and a triazine hydrochloride structure that is bound to the support.

Abstract: A halogen adsorbent of an embodiment includes: a halogen adsorbent including a support, a chelate ligand bonded to the support, and a metal ion coordinated on the chelate ligand. The chelate ligand has a functional group represented by —NR1—(CH2CH2NR3)n—R2, all of the R1, R2, and R3 are hydrogen atoms and the n is 1 or 2, or at least any one of the R1, R2, and R3 is a functional group represented by —CH2CH2CONR4R5, the R4 and R5 are selected from hydrogen atom, an alkyl group and an alkyl ether group including a straight chain or a side chain having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and the n is any of 0, 1, and 2.

Abstract: An iodine adsorbent of an embodiment includes: an iodine adsorbent including a carrier, an organic group binding to the carrier, and silver. The organic group has a functional group represented by S? or SR at the terminal, the silver binds to the sulfur in S? or SR, the R is a hydrogen atom or a substituent containing hydrocarbon, and the atomic ratio of the silver to the sulfur is 2.6 or more and 2.9 or less.