Abstract: A fuel supply system for an internal combustion engine includes a heat exchanger that has a heat exchanging wall between a liquefied fuel passage and an engine coolant passage. Heated and vaporized fuel flowing out from the liquefied fuel passage of the heat exchanger is supplied to the internal combustion engine. A flow rate of liquefied fuel supplied to the liquefied fuel passage of the heat exchanger is set. A flow rate of engine coolant supplied to the engine coolant passage of the heat exchanger is determined on the basis of a temperature of the engine coolant supplied to the engine coolant passage of the heat exchanger such that nucleate boiling or transition boiling of the liquefied fuel in the set flow rate occurs near a boundary between nucleate boiling and transition boiling in the liquefied fuel passage.

Abstract: A hydrogen generator into which a mixed gas is run and out of which a reformed gas including hydrogen is discharged, which can reliably control the hydrogen concentration in the reformed gas to a desired concentration. The hydrogen generator is provided with an upstream side oxidation unit and a downstream side decomposition unit, burns part of the compound in the mixed gas in the oxidation unit using the oxygen in the mixed gas so as to generate heat of combustion, and uses the heat of combustion to break down another part of the compound in the mixed gas in the decomposition unit so as to generate hydrogen. The hydrogen generator is provided with a first temperature sensor controller.

Abstract: A fuel feed system which causes liquid fuel to evaporate so as to feed gaseous fuel, provided with an evaporator which includes a heater which heats the liquid fuel to vaporize it and an electric heater which adjusts the temperature of the heater. The heater has a heat conduction surface which supplies heat to the liquid fuel. A difference between the temperature of the heat conduction surface of the heater and the boiling point of the fuel at the evaporator is used as the basis to change the temperature of the heater and adjust the heat flux at the heat conduction surface.

Abstract: In a fuel injection control system for an internal combustion engine provided with a low pressure fuel pump and a high pressure fuel pump, proportional plus integral control of a high pressure fuel pump is carried out to make a pressure of fuel come close to a target value between the high pressure fuel pump and fuel injection valves. In cases where the high pressure fuel pump is in operation, a feed pressure, which is a pressure of fuel between a low pressure fuel pump and the high pressure fuel pump, is caused to go down when an integral term in the proportional plus integral control does not change or is decreasing, and the feed pressure is caused to go up when the integral term is increasing. In cases where the high pressure fuel pump is in a stopped state, the feed pressure is made higher than before the high pressure fuel pump is stopped.

Abstract: A vehicle engine start control device in a vehicle includes a direct injection engine directly injecting fuel into a cylinder as a drive power source for running. The vehicle engine start control device is configured to start rotation of the direct injection engine when the direct injection engine is started from a stop state of the direct injection engine in which a first cylinder of a plurality of cylinders is in an expansion stroke while a second cylinder next to the first cylinder in an ignition order is located at a top dead center. Further, the device directly injects fuel into the second cylinder and ignites the fuel while a piston of the second cylinder is moving away from the top dead center toward a bottom dead center in a first expansion stroke in the second cylinder after the start of the rotation.

Abstract: A fuel supply system for an internal combustion engine includes a heat exchanger that has a heat exchanging wall between a liquefied fuel passage and an engine coolant passage. Heated and vaporized fuel flowing out from the liquefied fuel passage of the heat exchanger is supplied to the internal combustion engine. A flow rate of liquefied fuel supplied to the liquefied fuel passage of the heat exchanger is set. A flow rate of engine coolant supplied to the engine coolant passage of the heat exchanger is determined on the basis of a temperature of the engine coolant supplied to the engine coolant passage of the heat exchanger such that nucleate boiling or transition boiling of the liquefied fuel in the set flow rate occurs near a boundary between nucleate boiling and transition boiling in the liquefied fuel passage.

Abstract: A hydrogen generator provided with a cracker which cracks a compound containing hydrogen atoms and nitrogen atoms to generate hydrogen, a compound feeder which feeds the compound to the cracker, and an oxygen feeder which feeds oxygen to the cracker. The cracker includes catalyst particles which promote the cracking of the compound and catalyst particles which promote the oxidation of the compound. The cracker is fed with the compound and oxygen, causes the compound to oxidize to generate heat of oxidation, and uses the generated heat of oxidation to crack the compound.

Abstract: A fuel feed system which causes liquid fuel to evaporate so as to feed gaseous fuel, provided with an evaporator which includes a heater which heats the liquid fuel to vaporize it and an electric heater which adjusts the temperature of the heater. The heater has a heat conduction surface which supplies heat to the liquid fuel. A difference between the temperature of the heat conduction surface of the heater and the boiling point of the fuel at the evaporator is used as the basis to change the temperature of the heater and adjust the heat flux at the heat conduction surface.

Abstract: A control system of an internal combustion engine in which as fuel, a first fuel of ammonia and a second fuel easier to burn than ammonia are used. These two types of fuel are burned in the combustion chamber. A basic ammonia ratio is set in accordance with an engine load and engine speed. The set basic ammonia ratio is corrected based on at least one of a combustion state, knocking strength, temperature of an exhaust gas or temperature of a catalyst arranged in an engine exhaust passage, NOx concentration in the exhaust gas, actual compression ratio, air-fuel ratio, and fuel properties.

Abstract: In a fuel injection nozzle for an internal combustion engine, a first cavity is disposed downstream of a valve seat in a direction in which fuel flows. A second cavity is disposed downstream of the first cavity in the direction in which the fuel flows. A fuel passage connects the first cavity to the second cavity. Fuel injection holes (24) lead to the second cavity. With this configuration, when the fuel flows through the first fuel passage, cavitation is induced. Cavitation bubbles flow into the second cavity along with the fuel. When the fuel is retained in the second cavity, the cavitation bubbles are uniformly mixed into the fuel. The fuel, which has been sufficiently mixed with the cavitation bubbles, is injected from the fuel injection holes.

Abstract: A hydrogen generator provided with a cracker which cracks a compound containing hydrogen atoms and nitrogen atoms to generate hydrogen, a compound feeder which feeds the compound to the cracker, and an oxygen feeder which feeds oxygen to the cracker. The cracker includes catalyst particles which promote the cracking of the compound and catalyst particles which promote the oxidation of the compound. The cracker is fed with the compound and oxygen, causes the compound to oxidize to generate heat of oxidation, and uses the generated heat of oxidation to crack the compound.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine in which ammonia which is fed into a combustion chamber is ignited by an ignition device which is arranged in the combustion chamber. As this ignition device, at least one plasma jet ignition plug which emits a plasma jet or a plurality of spark plugs which generate sparks are used.

Abstract: Inside an engine compartment of a vehicle, an ammonia concentration sensor is arranged above a liquid ammonia injector which is attached to an internal combustion engine body and to the rear in a direction of progression of the vehicle. An ammonia concentration which is detected by the ammonia concentration sensor is used as the basis to judge if ammonia is leaked.

Abstract: In a fuel supply apparatus for an internal combustion engine, fuel is delivered to a high pressure fuel pump driven by an internal combustion engine, using an electrically-operated low pressure fuel pump, and the fuel pressurized by the high pressure fuel pump is supplied to the internal combustion engine. The fuel supply apparatus includes a low pressure pump control portion that controls the low pressure fuel pump to avoid a discharge failure in the high pressure fuel pump due to insufficiency of a feed pressure at which the low pressure fuel pump delivers the fuel to the high pressure fuel pump. The low pressure pump control portion stops the low pressure fuel pump in a case where the discharge failure in the high pressure fuel pump is avoided even when the feed pressure is equal to a gauge pressure of 0.

Abstract: A fuel injector inhibiting adhesion of deposits and simultaneously improving durability by a simple configuration is provided. A fuel injector having a valve body provided with a main space receiving fuel and an injection hole and a needle movably supported at the valve body and having a seal part at its front end, in which needle the movement causes the seal part to separate from or contact an inner surface of the valve body and thereby open or close a fuel passage communicating the main space and the injection hole of the valve body, the fuel injector characterized in that the injection hole of the valve body is covered by an injection hole coating comprised of a material with a lower adsorption and reactivity with oxygen compared with the material of the valve body itself, and the seal part of the needle is covered by a seal part coating comprised of a material higher in liquid-repellency compared with the material of the needle itself and not forming a metal surface.

Abstract: A fuel injection valve for an internal combustion engine is such that an inside wall of a nozzle hole through which fuel is injected into a combustion chamber or an intake port of the internal combustion engine is coated with a composite coating formed of a lipophilic portion and an oil repelling portion which are finely interspersed on the nano order. The inside wall of the nozzle hole is formed by multiple grooves extending in the fuel jet direction and flat portions between these grooves, and inside walls of the grooves are coated with an oil repellant coating and the flat portions are coated with a lipophilic coating.

Abstract: In a fuel injection nozzle for an internal combustion engine, a first cavity is disposed downstream of a valve seat in a direction in which fuel flows. A second cavity is disposed downstream of the first cavity in the direction in which the fuel flows. A fuel passage connects the first cavity to the second cavity. Fuel injection holes (24) lead to the second cavity. With this configuration, when the fuel flows through the first fuel passage, cavitation is induced. Cavitation bubbles flow into the second cavity along with the fuel. When the fuel is retained in the second cavity, the cavitation bubbles are uniformly mixed into the fuel. The fuel, which has been sufficiently mixed with the cavitation bubbles, is injected from the fuel injection holes.

Abstract: The base end portion of an injector is connected to a delivery pipe. A fuel passage, through which the fuel in the delivery pipe flows close by an injection port formed in the front end portion of a valve body and is then returned to the delivery pipe, is formed in the injector. Even if communication between the fuel passage and the injection port is blocked by a needle valve, the fuel constantly flows close to the injection port while circulating in the fuel injection system, Also, part of the fuel flowing through the fuel passage is injected from the injection port to a combustion chamber by permitting the communication between the fuel passage and the injection port.

Abstract: A fuel jet adjusting plate has first nozzle holes arranged along a first circle coaxial with a central axis of a valve body and second nozzle holes arranged along a second circle coaxial with the central axis and having a diameter larger than that of the first circle. Each hole axis of the second nozzle holes forms an acute angle with a reference plane perpendicular to the central axis of the valve body smaller than that formed by each hole axis of the first nozzle holes with the reference plane. Hence, fuel sprays injected through the first nozzle holes can be directed away from fuel sprays injected through the second nozzle holes. As a result, the fuel sprays injected through the first nozzle holes do not interfere with the fuel sprays injected through the second nozzle holes, which makes it possible to suitably atomize injected fuel.

Abstract: A fuel jet adjusting plate has first nozzle holes arranged along a first circle coaxial with a central axis of a valve body and second nozzle holes arranged along a second circle coaxial with the central axis and having a diameter larger that the first circle. The second nozzle holes have an opening area smaller than that of the first nozzle holes.