Abstract: Electron density map specifying circuitry is configured to accurately reproduce an electron density map of a macromolecule in a solution having a dynamically fluctuating structure. For example, the electron density map circuitry generates a plurality of electron density maps from a measured X-ray scattering profile acquired by measuring a sample, calculates an index representing a degree of coincidence between an X-ray scattering profile calculated from each of the plurality of electron density maps and the measured X-ray scattering profile, and selects a representative electron density map from the plurality of electron density maps based on the calculated index.

Abstract: The sample cooling apparatus is used in an X-ray diffractometer for rotating a sample supported by a sample rod about an ? axis, directing X-rays thereto, and detecting X-rays deflected from the sample using an X-ray detector. The apparatus has a nozzle for blowing a cooling gas on the sample; and a gas-suctioning device for suctioning, via an aperture, gas that has passed over the sample. The sample rod moves when rotated about the ? axis forming a conical surface having the sample as a vertex. The nozzle is provided so that the extension direction of the sample rod and the direction of the blown gas form an acute angle of 90° or less. The gas-suctioning device suctions the gas so the path of gas having contacted the sample rod bends when the extension direction of the sample rod and the blown direction of the gas form an acute angle.

Abstract: A crystallization device is for protein crystallization with a small amount of a sample in the liquid to liquid diffusion method. It is easy to fill the device with protein solution and precipitant solution and easy to pick up grown crystals from the device. The device comprises a channel plate made of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and the first and second cover sheets made of polyethylene terephthalate. The channel plate includes at least one elongated channel having one side which extends in the longitudinal direction of the channel, the one side being exposed at the bottom surface of the channel plate. The channel has both ends which communicate with a protein solution inlet and a precipitant solution inlet respectively. The channel also communicates midway with a gel inlet and a vent hole. When picking up grown crystals from the device, the second cover sheet is cut off with a cutter knife so that the channel is exposed.

Abstract: The sample cooling apparatus is used in an X-ray diffractometer for rotating a sample supported by a sample rod about an ? axis, directing X-rays thereto, and detecting X-rays deflected from the sample using an X-ray detector. The apparatus has a nozzle for blowing a cooling gas on the sample; and a gas-suctioning device for suctioning, via an aperture, gas that has passed over the sample. The sample rod moves when rotated about the ? axis forming a conical surface having the sample as a vertex. The nozzle is provided so that the extension direction of the sample rod and the direction of the blown gas form an acute angle of 90° or less. The gas-suctioning device suctions the gas so the path of gas having contacted the sample rod bends when the extension direction of the sample rod and the blown direction of the gas form an acute angle.

Abstract: An underground structure cover comprises a cover body (10) and a receiving frame (20) arranged so that the cover body is fitted in and supported by the receiving frame in the manner that an inclined surface (11) of the outer circumference of the body meets an inclined surface (21) of the inner circumference of the frame. The inclined surfaces (11, 21) each have an upper inclined surface (11a, 21a) and a lower inclined surface (11b, 21b), and the lower inclined surfaces (11b, 21b) are steeper than the upper inclined surfaces (11a, 21a). The body (10) is fitted in and supported by the part (20) at the upper inclined surfaces (11a, 21a) and the lower inclined surfaces (11b, 21b). By this, the body is prevented from being wedged into the frame too deeply and also from becoming inclined with respect to the frame or riding up.

Abstract: At least one of a shaft and a bearing of a fluid dynamic bearing unit includes an additive-providing portion including the additive on a surface thereof. The lubricating oil is retained between the shaft and the bearing, and contacts the surface of the additive-providing portion. The additive-providing portion is for example a joining member such as adhesive, a housing made of resin, a sleeve made of porous material, an oil repellent coating made of oil repellent agent, and a lubricating coating.

Abstract: A crystallization device is for protein crystallization with a small amount of a sample in the liquid to liquid diffusion method. It is easy to fill the device with protein solution and precipitant solution and easy to pick up grown crystals from the device. The device comprises a channel plate made of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and the first and second cover sheets made of polyethylene terephthalate. The channel plate includes at least one elongated channel having one side which extends in the longitudinal direction of the channel, the one side being exposed at the bottom surface of the channel plate. The channel has both ends which communicate with a protein solution inlet and a precipitant solution inlet respectively. The channel also communicates midway with a gel inlet and a vent hole. When picking up grown crystals from the device, the second cover sheet is cut off with a cutter knife so that the channel is exposed.

Abstract: An underground structure cover comprises a cover body (10) and a receiving frame (20) arranged so that the cover body is fitted in and supported by the receiving frame in the manner that an inclined surface (11) of the outer circumference of the body meets an inclined surface (21) of the inner circumference of the frame. The inclined surfaces (11, 21) each have an upper inclined surface (11a, 21a) and a lower inclined surface (11b, 21b), and the lower inclined surfaces (11b, 21b) are steeper than the upper inclined surfaces (11a, 21a). The body (10) is fitted in and supported by the part (20) at the upper inclined surfaces (11a, 21a) and the lower inclined surfaces (11b, 21b). By this, the body is prevented from being wedged into the frame too deeply and also from becoming inclined with respect to the frame or riding up.

Abstract: A contact resistance measurement method is composed of: placing a first probe onto a first pad connected to an integrated circuit; placing a second probe onto a second pad electrically connected to the first pad; placing a third probe onto a third pad electrically connected to the first pad; measuring a first resistance between the first and second probes; measuring a second resistance between the second and third probes; measuring a third resistance between the third and first probes. A contact resistance between the first probe and the first pad is calculated from the first to third resistances.

Abstract: A contact resistance measurement method is composed of: placing a first probe onto a first pad connected to an integrated circuit; placing a second probe onto a second pad electrically connected to the first pad; placing a third probe onto a third pad electrically connected to the first pad; measuring a first resistance between the first and second probes; measuring a second resistance between the second and third probes; measuring a third resistance between the third and first probes. A contact resistance between the first probe and the first pad is calculated from the first to third resistances.