Abstract: An object of the present disclosure is to provide a composite having excellent heat resistance and/or hydrophobicity and allowing easy introduction of a functional group thereinto. A composite comprising: a polymer; and one or more cyclic compounds that include the polymer, where the cyclic compound comprises a compound represented by the following formula (I): where A independently represents a divalent C4-50 organic group comprising one or more selected from —OR and —CO—, R independently represents an organic group optionally comprising one or more fluorine atoms, or a hydrogen atom, and n represents an integer of 4 to 20, and one of the polymer and the cyclic compound comprises one or more selected from —CO—, a nitrogen atom, and a halogen atom, and the other has a group comprising a hydrogen atom capable of interacting with —CO—, the nitrogen atom, or the halogen atom.

Abstract: An object of the present disclosure is to provide a composite having excellent heat resistance, particularly, pyrolysis resistance and allowing easy introduction of a functional group thereinto. A composite including: a polymer; and one or more cyclic compounds that comprise the polymer, where the polymer has at least one selected from a glass transition temperature and a melting point at 130° C. or higher, the cyclic compound comprises a compound represented by the formula (I): where, in the formula, A independently represents a divalent C4-50 organic group containing one or more selected from —OR and —CO—, R independently represents an organic group optionally containing one or more fluorine atoms, or a hydrogen atom, and n represents an integer of 4 to 20.

Abstract: An object of the present disclosure is to provide a composite having excellent heat resistance and/or hydrophobicity and allowing easy introduction of a functional group thereinto. A composite comprising: a fluorine-containing polymer; and one or more cyclic compounds that include the fluorine-containing polymer, where the cyclic compound comprises a compound represented by the following formula (I): where, in the formula, A independently represents a divalent C4-50 organic group comprising one or more selected from —OR and —CO—, R independently represents an organic group optionally comprising one or more fluorine atoms, or a hydrogen atom, and n represents an integer of 4 to 20.

Abstract: Provided is a compound represented by Formula (1A) below wherein the symbols are as defined in the description: Also disclosed are a composition containing at least one of the compound and a formed article of the compound.

Abstract: A polyrotaxane of high heat resistance contains a linear molecule, a cyclic molecule enclosing the linear molecule such that the cyclic molecule is skewered with the linear molecule, and 5 blocking groups disposed at both ends of the linear molecule. The cyclic molecule contains an aromatic ring having, on a side chain, a phenolic hydroxyl group. The polyrotaxane can be produced by dissolving, in a methanol-containing solvent, a linear molecule and a cyclic 10 molecule containing an aromatic ring having, on a side chain, a phenolic hydroxyl group, to yield a pseudo polyrotaxane in which the cyclic molecule encloses the linear molecule such that the cyclic molecule is skewered with the linear molecule; and dissolving the pseudo polyrotaxane and a blocking group 15 material in a solvent, to dispose blocking groups at both ends of the linear molecule.

Abstract: An object is to provide a method for producing a polysaccharide derivative without using a catalyst, a cocatalyst, or an active compound by esterification, etherification, or the like, from a polysaccharide such as cellulose as a source material, while maintaining a high molecular weight. Another object is to provide a method for producing a cellulose derivative in a separated condition directly from biomass containing lignocellulose. A method for producing a polysaccharide derivative of the present invention is characterized in that a reaction is carried out in a mixture comprising: a source material comprising a polysaccharide; an ionic liquid for which the pKa of a conjugate acid of an anion in DMSO is 12 to 19 and which is capable of producing a carbene; and a chain or cyclic ester compound or an epoxy compound. Preferably as a source material containing a polysaccharide, a biomass source material containing lignocellulose is used.

Abstract: An object is to provide a method for producing a polysaccharide derivative without using a catalyst, a cocatalyst, or an active compound by esterification, etherification, or the like, from a polysaccharide such as cellulose as a source material, while maintaining a high molecular weight. Another object is to provide a method for producing a cellulose derivative in a separated condition directly from biomass containing lignocellulose. A method for producing a polysaccharide derivative of the present invention is characterized in that a reaction is carried out in a mixture comprising: a source material comprising a polysaccharide; an ionic liquid for which the pKa of a conjugate acid of an anion in DMSO is 12 to 19 and which is capable of producing a carbene; and a chain or cyclic ester compound or an epoxy compound. Preferably as a source material containing a polysaccharide, a biomass source material containing lignocellulose is used.