Abstract: A connection structure of a superconducting layer according to an embodiment includes a first superconducting layer, a second superconducting layer, and a connection layer provided between the first superconducting layer and the second superconducting layer and including a first substance containing a rare earth element, barium, copper, and oxygen and a second substance containing a metal element, in which a first region per unit area at a first interface between the first superconducting layer and the connection layer is 1% or more and 50% or less where the second substance and the first superconducting layer are in contact with each other, and a second region per unit area at a second interface between the second superconducting layer and the connection layer is 1% or more and 50% or less where the second substance and the second superconducting layer are in contact with each other.

Abstract: A superconducting layer joint structure of embodiments includes: a first superconducting layer; a second superconducting layer; and a joint layer provided between the first superconducting layer and the second superconducting layer and containing a plurality of crystal particles containing a rare earth element (RE), barium (Ba), copper (Cu), and oxygen (O). The plurality of crystal particles includes at least one first particle. The at least one first particle has a first inner region and a first outer region. The first inner region is disposed inside the first superconducting layer. The first outer region is disposed outside the first superconducting layer.

Abstract: A connection structure of a superconducting layer of an embodiment incudes a first superconducting member including a first superconducting layer, and extends in a first direction, a second superconducting member including a second superconducting layer facing the first superconducting layer, and extends in the first direction, the second superconducting member having a first region, a second region, and a third region which is separated in the second direction from the second region, and a connection layer that contains a rare earth element (RE), barium (Ba), copper (Cu), and oxygen (O), and connects the first superconducting layer and the second superconducting layer. The first superconducting layer is present in a third direction between the second region and the third region, the third direction being perpendicular to the first direction and perpendicular to the second direction.

Abstract: A method may produce a heat regenerating material particle, including: preparing a slurry by adding a powder of the heat regenerating substance to an alginic acid aqueous solution and mixing the powder of the heat regenerating substance and the aqueous alginic acid solution; and forming a particle by gelling the slurry by dropping the slurry into a gelling solution. The gelling solution may include a metal element including calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), magnesium (Mg) beryllium (Be), strontium (Sr), aluminum (Al), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), and cobalt (Co). The forming may involve controlling the gelation time so that a concentration of the metal element in a first region of the particle becomes lower than a concentration of the metal element in a second region. The second region may be closer to an outer edge of the particle compared to the first region.

Abstract: A method may produce a two-stage heat regenerating cryogenic refrigerator including a vacuum vessel, first and second cylinder disposed in the vessel, the second cylinder coaxially connected to the first cylinder, and first and second regenerator respectively disposed in the first and second cylinder. The method may include: accommodating a first heat regenerating material (HRM) in the first regenerator; and filling a plurality of HRM particles in the second regenerator. The HRM particles may be a second HRM, each of the HRM particles including an oxide or oxysulfide heat regenerating substance having a maximum value of specific heat at a temperature of ?20 K of 0.3+ J/cm3·K and Ca, Mn, Mg, Be, Sr, Al, Fe, Cu, Ni, and/or Co. Each of the HRM particles may include a first and second region, the second region being closer to an HRM particle outer edge than the first region.

Abstract: A two-stage heat regenerating cryogenic refrigerator may include: a vacuum vessel; a first and second cylinder in the vessel; the second cylinder coaxially connected to the first cylinder; a 1st regenerator in the first cylinder and accommodating heat regenerating material (HRM) 1; and a second regenerator in the 2nd cylinder accommodating HRM 2, HRM 2 including HRM particles, each HRM particle including a metal element and a heat regenerating substance including an oxide or oxysulfide and having a maximum specific heat at ?20 K of ?0.3 J/cm3·K; each HRM particle including a 1st and 2nd region, the 2nd region being closer to each HRM particle's outer edge than the 1st, and the 2nd region having a higher metal element concentration than the 1st, the 1st and 2nd region containing the heat regenerating substance.

Abstract: A superconducting coil according to an embodiment includes: a winding frame; a superconducting wire wound around the winding frame and having a first region and a second region facing the first region in a coil radial direction; and a resin layer located between the first region and the second region and including particles, an epoxy resin surrounding the particles, and a region existing between the particle and the epoxy resin, the region including silane containing a phenylamino group. The average particle diameter of the particles is equal to or more than 1 ?m and equal to or less than 5 ?m, and the volume ratio of the particles in the resin layer is equal to or more than 50% and equal to or less than 66%.

Abstract: A cold storage material particle of an embodiment includes at least one first element selected from the group consisting of a rare earth element, silver (Ag), and copper (Cu) and a second element that is different from the first element and forms a multivalent metal ion in an aqueous solution, in which an atomic concentration of the second element is 0.001 atomic % or more and 60 atomic % or less, and a maximum value of volume specific heat at a temperature of 20K or less is 0.3 J/cm3·K or more.

Abstract: A connection structure for a superconducting layer according to an embodiment includes a first superconducting layer, a second superconducting layer, and a connection layer between the first superconducting layer and the second superconducting layer, the connection layer including crystal particles containing a rare earth element, barium, copper, and oxygen, the crystal particles having a major diameter distribution including a trimodal distribution. The trimodal distribution has first, second, and third distributions in which major diameter become small in this order. The aspect ratios of the crystal particles included in the first distribution and the second distribution include a bimodal distribution. The median value of the major diameters of the crystal particles included in the distribution on a higher aspect ratio side in the bimodal distribution is greater than the median value of the major diameters of the crystal particles included in the distribution on a lower aspect ratio side.

Abstract: A connection structure of a superconducting layer according to an embodiment includes a first superconducting layer, a second superconducting layer, and a connection layer provided between the first superconducting layer and the second superconducting layer and including a first substance containing a rare earth element, barium, copper, and oxygen and a second substance containing a metal element, in which a first region per unit area at a first interface between the first superconducting layer and the connection layer is 1% or more and 50% or less where the second substance and the first superconducting layer are in contact with each other, and a second region per unit area at a second interface between the second superconducting layer and the connection layer is 1% or more and 50% or less where the second substance and the second superconducting layer are in contact with each other.

Abstract: A connection structure of conductive layers according to an embodiment includes: a first conductive member including a first conductive layer and a first substrate, the first conductive member extending in a first direction, the first conductive member curved in the first direction such that the first conductive layer side is convex; a second conductive member including a second conductive layer and a second substrate, the second conductive member extending in the first direction, the second conductive member curved in the first direction such that the second conductive layer side is convex; a third conductive member including a third conductive layer and a third substrate, the third conductive member extending in the first direction; a first connection layer between a the first conductive layer and the third conductive layer, the first connection layer having varying thickness; and a second connection layer between the second conductive layer and the third conductive layer, the second connection layer having

Abstract: A cold storage material, which has a large specific heat and a small magnetization in an extremely low temperature region and has satisfactory manufacturability, is provided, and a method for manufacturing the same is provided. Further, a refrigerator having high efficiency and excellent cooling performance is provided by filling this refrigerator with the above-described cold storage material. Moreover, a device incorporating a superconducting coil capable of reducing influence of magnetic noise derived from a cold storage material is provided. The cold storage material of embodiments is a granular body composed of an intermetallic compound in which the ThCr2Si2-type structure 11 occupies 80% by volume or more, and has a crystallite size of 70 nm or less.

Abstract: A cold storage material, which has a large specific heat and a small magnetization in an extremely low temperature region and has satisfactory manufacturability, is provided, and a method for manufacturing the same is provided. Further, a refrigerator having high efficiency and excellent cooling performance is provided by filling this refrigerator with the above-described cold storage material. Moreover, a device incorporating a superconducting coil capable of reducing influence of magnetic noise derived from a cold storage material is provided. The cold storage material of embodiments is a granular body composed of an intermetallic compound in which the ThCr2Si2-type structure 11 occupies 80% by volume or more, and has a crystallite size of 70 nm or less.

Abstract: A connection structure of a superconducting layer of an embodiment incudes a first superconducting member including a first superconducting layer, and extends in a first direction, a second superconducting member including a second superconducting layer facing the first superconducting layer, and extends in the first direction, the second superconducting member having a first region, a second region, and a third region which is separated in the second direction from the second region, and a connection layer that contains a rare earth element (RE), barium (Ba), copper (Cu), and oxygen (O), and connects the first superconducting layer and the second superconducting layer. The first superconducting layer is present in a third direction between the second region and the third region, the third direction being perpendicular to the first direction and perpendicular to the second direction.

Abstract: A two-stage heat regenerating cryogenic refrigerator may include: a vacuum vessel; a first and second cylinder in the vessel; the second cylinder coaxially connected to the first cylinder; a first regenerator in the first cylinder, the first regenerator accommodating heat regenerating material (HRM) 1; and a second regenerator in the second cylinder accommodating HRM 2, HRM 2 including plural HRM particles, each HRM particle including a heat regenerating substance having a maximum value of specific heat at a temperature of 20 K or less of 0.3 J/cm3·K or more and a metal element; each HRM particle including a first and second region, the second region being closer to each HRM particle's outer edge than the first, and the second region having a metal element higher concentration than the first, the first and second region containing the heat regenerating substance, and the heat regenerating substance contains an oxide or oxysulfide component.

Abstract: A connection structure for a superconducting layer according to an embodiment includes a first superconducting layer; a second superconducting layer; and a connection layer disposed between the first superconducting layer and the second superconducting layer, the connection layer including crystal grains containing a rare earth element (RE), barium (Ba), copper (Cu), and oxygen (O), the crystal grains having a grain size distribution including a bimodal distribution. The bimodal distribution includes a first distribution including a first peak and a second distribution including a second peak. A first grain size corresponding to the first peak is larger than a second grain size corresponding to the second peak. Among the crystal grains, crystal grains having a grain size corresponding to the first distribution include a crystal grain having a plate shape or a flat shape.

Abstract: A heat regenerating material particle of an embodiment contains a heat regenerating substance having a maximum value of specific heat at a temperature of 20 K or less is 0.3 J/cm3·K or more, and one metal element selected from the group consisting of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), beryllium (Be), strontium (Sr), aluminum (Al), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), and cobalt (Co). The heat regenerating material particle includes a first region and a second region, the second region is closer to an outer edge of the heat regenerating material particle than the first region, and the second region has a higher concentration of the metal element than the first region.

Abstract: A heat regenerating material particle according to an embodiment includes a plurality of heat regenerating substance particles having a maximum volume specific heat value of 0.3 J/cm3·K or more at a temperature of 20 K or lower, and a binder bonding the heat regenerating substance particles, the binder containing water insoluble resin. The heat regenerating material particle has a particle diameter of 500 ?m or less.

Abstract: A cold storage material, which has a large specific heat and a small magnetization in an extremely low temperature region and has satisfactory manufacturability, is provided, and a method for manufacturing the same is provided. Further, a refrigerator having high efficiency and excellent cooling performance is provided by filling this refrigerator with the above-described cold storage material. Moreover, a device incorporating a superconducting coil capable of reducing influence of magnetic noise derived from a cold storage material is provided. The cold storage material of embodiments is a granular body composed of an intermetallic compound in which the ThCr2Si2-type structure 11 occupies 80% by volume or more, and has a crystallite size of 70 nm or less.

Abstract: The flaky magnetic metal particles of the embodiments include a plurality of flaky magnetic metal particles, each of the flaky magnetic metal particles including a first magnetic particle including a flat surface, at least one first element selected from the group consisting of Fe, Co and Ni, an average ratio between the maximum length and the minimum length in the flat surface being between 1 and 5 inclusive, an average thickness of the first magnetic particles being between 10 nm and 100 ?m inclusive, an average aspect ratio of the first magnetic particles being between 5 and 10000 inclusive; and a plurality of second magnetic particles disposed on the flat surface, an average number of the second magnetic particles being five or more, an average diameter of the second magnetic particles being between 10 nm and 1 ?m inclusive.