Abstract: A solar cell is configured by: arranging two glass substrates, each of which is provided with a transparent conductive layer, so that the transparent conductive layers face each other; disposing a titanium dioxide layer on one glass substrate; disposing silicon dioxide particles on the other glass substrate; and filling the space between the two glass substrates with an electrolyte. The glass substrate on which light does not enter may alternatively be a metal plate. A sensitizing dye such as a ruthenium complex may be absorbed onto the titanium dioxide layer or the silicon dioxide layer. Since the titanium dioxide layer generates electric power by means of ultraviolet light incident thereon and the silicon dioxide layer generates electric power by means of visible light and infrared light incident thereon, the generation efficiency of the solar cell is increased.

Abstract: In order to increase the generation efficiency of a silicon dioxide solar cell, two conductive substrates are arranged so that the conductive surfaces thereof face each other, at least one of the substrates is disposed upon the substrate facing the light entry-side substrate, and an electrolyte is filled between the silicon dioxide particles compact and the light entry-side substrate. Silicon dioxide solar cells having this configuration exhibit a significantly increased short circuit current and open circuit voltage in comparison to solar cells in which the silicon dioxide and the electrolyte are mixed. This configuration can further be improved by disposing a titanium dioxide solar cell or a dye-sensitized titanium dioxide solar cell upon the light entry-side substrate to further increase the short circuit current and the open circuit voltage.

Abstract: Provided is an inexpensive material having a photocatalytic action. A photocatalyst is obtained by halogenation-treating glass fibers containing silicon dioxide in its components. Fused quartz, soda-lime glass, non-alkali glass, and borosilicate glass may be used for the glass. Hydrofluoric acid, hydrochloric acid and hydrobromic acid may be used for the halogen acid, and hydrofluoric acid is most desirable. The glass can be particulate, fibrous or sheet form material. The glass exhibits a photocatalytic action even with visible light other than ultraviolet light, and also water repellent effect. The glass according to the invention is capable of decomposing organic substances, and therefore, it is used for window glass in buildings or in transportation such as automobiles, when formed in a plate shape, and for a filter in an air intake/exhaust apparatus, when formed in fibrous shape.

Abstract: A freeze-dried product of a complex containing (i) a nucleic acid, an oligonucleic acid or a derivative thereof, (ii) polyethyleneimine and (iii) hyaluronic acid or chondroitin sulfate. The freeze-dried product can be used to introduce a nucleic acid or an oligonucleotide into a cell.

Abstract: Provided is a photoelectric conversion material which is obtained through easy processing from a substance containing silicon oxide, which is inexpensive, imposes no burden on the environment, and is stable, as a component. Also provided are a photocell and a secondary photocell both using this material. Any of synthetic quartz, fused quartz glass, soda-lime glass, non-alkali glass, and borosilicate glass, which are compositions containing silicon oxide, is pulverized, immersed in an aqueous solution of halogen acid, washed with water, and dried. The resultant material is deposited on an electrode plate and this electrode plate is placed in water where an appropriate electrolyte is mixed. This electrode plate is electrically connected to an opposite electrode, and is used as a photoelectrode by irradiated with light.

Abstract: A freeze-dried product of a complex containing (i) a nucleic acid, an oligonucleic acid or a derivative thereof, (ii) polyethyleneimine and (iii) hyaluronic acid or chondroitin sulfate. The freeze-dried product can be used to introduce a nucleic acid or an oligonucleotide into a cell.

Abstract: A freeze-dried product is provided which, together with demonstrating satisfactory ability to express function when used to introduce a gene or antisense nucleic acid and the like, enables concentration to be adjusted easily, offers easy handling and has superior storage performance.

Abstract: A compound represented by the following general formula (1): wherein R1 represents a halogen atom, R2 represents hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group, and R3 represents hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group, a lower alkoxyl group, a hydroxy lower alkyl group, a halogen atom, or a substituted or unsubstituted amino group, wherein a substituent on the amino group is selected from the group consisting of a lower alkyl group, a lower alkenyl group, a lower alkylcarbonyl group, and an amino protective group, or a salt thereof. The compound of the present invention or a salt thereof is useful as an active ingredient of medicaments for preventive and/or therapeutic treatment of conditions of irritable bowel syndrome and digestive tract functional disorder, or condition of diarrhea.

Abstract: A process for providing a coating on a surface of a substrate made of magnesium or magnesium alloy has a step of heating the substrate in a humidified atmosphere therein. It is desirable that the atmosphere has a temperature between 50 and 450 degrees centigrade and a relative humidity between 50 and 100%. It is also desirable that the atmosphere has a pressure between 1.0×105 and 1.0×106 Pa. Further, it is desirable that a thickness of the coating is between 3 and 50 ?m. The surface treatment process is suitable for forming a vehicular part such as an ECU case.

Abstract: A process for providing a coating on a surface of a substrate made of magnesium or magnesium alloy has a step of heating the substrate in a humidified atmosphere therein. It is desirable that the atmosphere has a temperature between 50 and 450 degrees centigrade and a relative humidity between 50 and 100%. It is also desirable that the atmosphere has a pressure between 1.0×105 and 1.0×106 Pa. Further, it is desirable that a thickness of the coating is between 3 and 50 ?m. The surface treatment process is suitable for forming a vehicular part such as an ECU case.

Abstract: A liquid oral composition is disclosed which contains a cationic bactericide as the active ingredient and a hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose. The composition has satisfactory long-term stability and can be ejected from a container and easily applied to oral tissues. It can be kept adherent especially to the surfaces of teeth for a certain period.

Abstract: Quinolin-2-yl benzoic acid compounds which are useful as intermediates of quinoline compounds having angiotensin II antagonist activity prepared by decarboxylating 2-(carboxyphenyl)-4-quinolinecarboxylic acid compounds in which a carboxyl group bonded to a phenyl group may be esterified, while a carboxyl group bonded to a quinoline ring is not esterified, and both rings may have one or more substituents inert to the decarboxylation reaction.