Abstract: Provided are a method and apparatus for measuring free residual chlorine concentration that is accurate and simple, which can obtain objective measurement results without using any harmful reagents, and without being affected by the potential window.

Abstract: A vehicular data conversion apparatus includes: an acquisition portion that acquires vehicle data from a vehicle; a first storage portion that stores a data processing method for outputting the vehicle data to an outside of the vehicle in accordance with a classification level corresponding to the vehicle data acquired by the acquisition portion; and an output portion that outputs the vehicle data that has been converted in accordance with the data processing method stored in the first storage portion.

Abstract: A vehicle-mounted control device, which communicates with a vehicle-mounted node via a common bus and follows a communication protocol that the lower the priority of a data frame output from the vehicle-mounted node, the longer a waiting time, includes: an arbitration device that suspends transmission of the transmission target frame to the bus when the priority of a transmission target frame is lower than an output data frame from the vehicle-mounted node, and continues transmission of the transmission target frame to the bus when the priority of the transmission target frame is higher than the output data frame; and a change device that changes the priority of the transmission target frame to be the highest of all data frames when the transmission of the transmission target frame is suspended for a prescribed time or longer as a result of arbitration control by the arbitration device.

Abstract: A vehicular data conversion apparatus includes: an acquisition portion that acquires vehicle data from a vehicle; a first storage portion that stores a data processing method for outputting the vehicle data to an outside of the vehicle in accordance with a classification level corresponding to the vehicle data acquired by the acquisition portion; and an output portion that outputs the vehicle data that has been converted in accordance with the data processing method stored in the first storage portion.

Abstract: A vehicle-mounted control device, which communicates with a vehicle-mounted node via a common bus and follows a communication protocol that the lower the priority of a data frame output from the vehicle-mounted node, the longer a waiting time, includes: an arbitration device that suspends transmission of the transmission target frame to the bus when the priority of a transmission target frame is lower than an output data frame from the vehicle-mounted node, and continues transmission of the transmission target frame to the bus when the priority of the transmission target frame is higher than the output data frame; and a change device that changes the priority of the transmission target frame to be the highest of all data frames when the transmission of the transmission target frame is suspended for a prescribed time or longer as a result of arbitration control by the arbitration device.

Abstract: A communication system includes a plurality of nodes performing communication via a common communication channel based on a communication protocol and including a first node or a second node. The first node transmits, to the communication channel, a wake-up frame as the communication frame for enabling the second node to transition from a sleep state to a normal state, determines whether or not the second node transitions to the normal state due to the wake-up frame, and generates an abnormal waveform pattern in the communication channel when determined that the second node does not transition to the normal state. The second node stores the identification information allocated to the second node, and enables the second node to transition from the sleep state to the normal state under on condition that the identification information included in the wake-up frame received from the communication channel is identical to the stored identification information.

Abstract: An on-board network system is presented. The on-board network system sends a sleep-entered message to a communication bus. The sleep-entered message is sent under a condition that a sleep condition is satisfied on a basis that a network management (NM) message is ceased during state transition process in which node's state transfers from a normal state to a power-saving state. A monitoring ECU corresponding to a master performs an abnormality detection process. In the abnormality detection process, the monitoring ECU detects an abnormality state of the state transition process based on whether or not the sleep-entered message is sent from any one of nodes, thereby it is possible to detect the abnormality state not only during each node is a normal state but also during a bus-sleep state.

Abstract: An on-board network system is presented. The on-board network system sends a sleep-entered message to a communication bus. The sleep-entered message is sent under a condition that a sleep condition is satisfied on a basis that a network management (NM) message is ceased during state transition process in which node's state transfers from a normal state to a power-saving state. A monitoring ECU corresponding to a master performs an abnormality detection process. In the abnormality detection process, the monitoring ECU detects an abnormality state of the state transition process based on whether or not the sleep-entered message is sent from any one of nodes, thereby it is possible to detect the abnormality state not only during each node is a normal state but also during a bus-sleep state.

Abstract: A communication system includes a plurality of nodes performing communication via a common communication channel based on a communication protocol and including a first node or a second node. The first node transmits, to the communication channel, a wake-up frame as the communication frame for enabling the second node to transition from a sleep state to a normal state, determines whether or not the second node transitions to the normal state due to the wake-up frame, and generates an abnormal waveform pattern in the communication channel when determined that the second node does not transition to the normal state. The second node stores the identification information allocated to the second node, and enables the second node to transition from the sleep state to the normal state under on condition that the identification information included in the wake-up frame received from the communication channel is identical to the stored identification information.

Abstract: The vehicle-use safety control apparatus is configured to operate on electric power supplied from a vehicle battery mounted on a vehicle through at least one of a first electric power supply path interposed with an ignition switch of the vehicle, and a second electric power supply path interposed with a changeover switch. The vehicle-use safety control apparatus includes a running state information acquiring means to acquire running state information on whether the vehicle is running or stopped, and a switch control means to change an on/off state of the changeover switch in accordance with the running state information received from the running state acquiring means.

Abstract: A method and diagnosis apparatus are provided. A velocity measuring section measures a bit length of communication carried out between nodes based upon a communication signal inputted from a communication bus. The measured bit length is input to a control section, which sets a bit length based upon input from the velocity measuring section and arranges the communication section to decode the communication signal. The communication section specifies a frame reception time and a frame ID as an identification code of a time slot in which a frame is transmitted. Each time the frame is received after setting the bit length, the control section records information of the frame reception time and the frame ID inputted from the communication section in a log file. The control section determines whether the frame is transmitted in a constant period from each time slot based upon the content of the log file.

Abstract: As one aspect, a communication node is provided which transmits data using an assigned frame. The communication node includes a data information storing section which stores information in which plural types of data storage information are related to identifiers, the data storage information indicating a relationship between one or more time slots configuring a frame and data stored in the time slots, and the identifiers identifying the data storage information. The communication node further includes an identifier selecting section which selects one of the identifiers, an identifier transmitting section which transmits the selected identifier included in a predetermined position of the frame, and a data transmitting section which refers to the data storage information corresponding to the selected identifier and transmits data which is specified by the data storage information and is included in a time slot based on the data storage information.

Abstract: The present invention provides, as one aspect, a communication apparatus which is connected with a communication bus and performs communication using Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA). The apparatus includes an edge detection section which detects an edge of data on the communication bus, and a data obtaining section which obtains data from the communication bus to determine a collision of data on the communication bus after a predetermined delay time period has passed from the time at which the edge detection section detects the edge.

Abstract: A container for a liquid reaction mixture whereby the liquid reaction mixture is brought into contact with a heater at a specified temperature and thus a nucleic amplification reaction is promoted, which has a substrate having a front surface and a back surface and being constructed so that either or both of these surfaces are maintained in facing a heater and wells that are formed in the surface direction of the substrate separately and independently from each other and each holds the above-described liquid reaction mixture in a liquid-tight sealed state, characterized in that; the above-described wells each comprises an opening formed in the above-described substrate and blocking members whereby the front surface side and back surface side of the opening are blocked, and at least the blocking member that blocks the surface in the side being in contact with the above-described heater has a part made of a stretchable film having a thickness of 10 to 300 ?m.

Abstract: A method and diagnosis apparatus are provided. A velocity measuring section measures a bit length of communication carried out between nodes based upon a communication signal inputted from a communication bus. The measured bit length is input to a control section, which sets a bit length based upon input from the velocity measuring section and arranges the communication section to decode the communication signal. The communication section specifies a frame reception time and a frame ID as an identification code of a time slot in which a frame is transmitted. Each time the frame is received after setting the bit length, the control section records information of the frame reception time and the frame ID inputted from the communication section in a log file. The control section determines whether the frame is transmitted in a constant period from each time slot based upon the content of the log file.

Abstract: An O2 sensor, an intake air temperature sensor, an engine coolant temperature sensor, a knock sensor, an electronic fuel injection device, a VSC ECU, a transmission ECU and an engine ECT are connected to a power line to communicate with one another through the power line. The VSC ECU, transmission ECU and engine ECU are further connected to a communication line to communicate with one another through two systems of the power line and a communication line. This makes it possible to improve the reliability while decreasing the number of the lines.

Abstract: A reduction of the redundancy due to the use of the convolutional codes as the error correction codes is achieved by a convolutional encoding at an identical encoding rate and a puncture process using different puncture rates for different classes of the input signals classified by the error sensitivity of each bit. A reduction of the decoding delay time without deteriorating the decoding error rate is achieved by updating the survivor path by remaining bits of the selected survivor path for each state other than the oldest bit and an additional bit indicative of the each state to which a transition is made at the present stage of decoding. A reduction of a circuit size of a Viterbi decoder is achieved by using a single RAM for memorizing a path metric and a survivor path for each state at an immediately previous stage of decoding together in each word of the memory capacity.

Abstract: In a multi-level QAM communication system, Reed-Solomon encoders and Reed-Solomon decoders are employed for error correction purposes. The phase ambiguity of the received signal is eliminated with differential coding. The multi-level QAM communication system utilizing n bits ("n" being an integer) QAM signal having 2.sup.

Abstract: An error control system retransmits a portion of information if an error occurs on the portion in transmitting the information.